高产 抗旱 广适冬小麦新品种冀麦325的选育及育种策略

Breeding of a New Winter Wheat Variety Jimai 325 with High Yield,Drought Resistant and Wide Adaptability and Breeding Strategy

河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所以高产节水、抗逆性好、适应性强为选育目标,2002年以冀5157为母本、石20-7221为父本进行杂交,综合运用常规育种、分子标记育种等技术,成功选育出耐旱、高产、抗倒、适应性广的双国审冬小麦新品种冀麦325。该品种2011~2019年参加了黄淮北片水地组、新疆冬小麦区、黄淮北片旱肥组区的区域试验和生产试验,3组试验中冀麦325的产量均显著高于CK,说明冀麦325具有很好的丰产性、稳产性和广适性。适宜在黄淮冬麦区北片的山东、河北中南部、山西南部水肥和旱地地块种植,山西省晋南、陕西省咸阳和渭南、河南省旱肥地种植。2015年通过了植物新品种保护(CNA20151133.7),2016、2021年通过国家审定委员会审定(国审麦2016023、国审麦20210063)。对冀麦325小麦新品种的亲本来源、选育方法、品种特点、品质表现、栽培技术和育种策略进行介绍,旨在为该品种的大面积推广提供依据,同时为高产、抗旱、广适小麦新品种选育提供育种策略。

The Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences took high yield,water saving,good stress resistance and strong adaptability as the breeding goal.A new winter wheat variety Jimai 325 with drought tolerance,high yield,lodging resistance and wide adaptability was successfully bred using Ji5157 as the female parent and Shi20-7221 as the male by integrating conventional breeding,molecular marker breeding and other technologies.From^(2)011 to 2019,this variety participated in the regional tests and production tests in the irrigated land group in the north of Huang-Huai area,the winter wheat area in Xinjiang and the drought-fertilizer group in the north of Huang-Huai area.In the three groups of tests,the yield of Jimai 325 was significantly higher than CK,indicating that it has good high yield,stable yield and wide adaptability.It is suitable for planting in water,fertilizer and dry land plots in Shandong,central and southern Hebei and southern Shanxi in the north of Huang-Huai winter wheat area,and in drought-fertilizer lands in southern Shanxi,Xianyang and Weinan of Shaanxi and Henan.In 2015,it passed the protection of new plant varieties(CNA20151133.7),and in 2016 and 2021,it passed the examination and approval of the National Examination and Approval Committee(Guoshenmai 2016023 and Guoshenmai 20210063),respectively.The parent source,breeding method,va-riety characteristics,quality performance,cultivation technology and breeding strategy of Jimai 325 are in-troduced,in order to provide basis for the large-scale popularization,and provide breeding strategy for the breeding of new wheat varieties with high yield,drought re-sistance and wide adaptability.