生态治理转型下环保NGO的类型行为与影响机制

Study on the Influence Mechanism, Type and Behavior of Environmental NGO under the Transformation of Ecological Governance

民间环保NGO在生态文明建设和生态治理方面发挥着重要作用。文章通过对民间环保NGO的类型行为及影响机制的分析发现,一些倡导型环保NGO试图通过制度化渠道影响政府的决策与立法,有较强的维权和监督诉求,并会组织群众参与一些集体维权行动;但对于大多数的督促型、宣传教育型和休闲体验型的环保NGO来说,仍采用组织内部动员和媒介动员的方式开展环保行动,较为传统和保守,甚至只是一些宣传教育和体验休闲式的参与性活动,并没有维权内涵和影响政治过程的诉求。因此,在我国,环保NGO多采用传统手段来推进生态文明建设,通过制度化渠道影响政府决策的倡导型环保NGO并不占主导。

Civil environmental protection NGOs play positive roles in the construction of ecological civilization and ecological governance.By analyzing the influence mechanism, types and behaviors of civil environmental protection NGOs, this paper finds that some NGOs with the orientation of advocacy have some characteristics of civil society, trying to influence government decisions and legislation through institutionalized channels, so they have rather strong demands for safeguarding rights and monitoring, and organize the masses to participate in some collective right-defending actions.However, for most NGOs of the types of urging-orientation, publicity and education, and recreational experience, they still adopt the way of mobilization within the organization and on media to carry out environmental protection, thus they are more traditional and conservative, and some of them even just organize activities that promote education and participation in recreational activities, without right-defending connotation and the demand for influencing political process.Therefore, in China, civil environmental protection NGOs usually adopt traditional ways to promote the construction of ecological civilization, those NGOs with advocacy orientation which resort to influencing government decisions and legislation through institutional channels are not dominant.