技能培训对低收入农民工就业质量的影响--基于内生处理效应模型的分析

The Impact of Skill Training on the Employment Quality of Low-income Migrant Workers--An Analysis Based on the Endogenous Treatment Effect Model

人力资本水平较低是农民工就业质量低的重要原因,而职业培训是提升农民工人力资本水平的重要途径。本研究在构建农民工就业质量指数的基础上,采用2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据(CLDS),通过建立培训对农民工就业质量影响的内生处理效应模型,估计技能培训对低收入农民工就业质量的处理效应。研究结果表明,存在影响农民工技能培训选择的不可观测因素,同时影响其就业质量,不考虑这些因素的影响将导致对技能培训处理效应的低估。消除培训选择内生性后研究发现,技能培训显著提高了低收入农民工的就业质量,获得技能证书在技能培训对就业质量影响中起到了部分中介的作用。研究建议,政府部门不仅应扩大技能培训的覆盖范围,使更多的农民工获得技能培训机会,而且应为农民工提供更有针对性的技能培训,通过对企业或个体给予补贴等促进技能培训的开展,进而促进农民工就业质量的提升。

While the low level of human capital is an important reason for the low employment quality of migrant workers,vocational training is an important way to improve the level of their human capital.Based on the construction of the employment quality index of migrant workers,this study,employing the 2016 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey Data(CLDS),and through the establishment of an endogenous treatment effect model of the impact of training on the employment quality of migrant workers,estimates the effect of skill training on the employment quality of low-income migrant workers.The current research indicates that unobservable factors affect the choice of migrant workers'skill training,and at the same time have some impacts on their employment quality,while ignoring the impact of these factors will lead to an underestimation of the effect of skill training.After eliminating endogenous training options,the research fi nds that skills training has signifi cantly improved the employment quality of low-income migrant workers,and obtaining skills certifi cates has played a part of the intermediary role in the impact of skills training on employment quality.The research suggests that government departments should not only expand the coverage of skills training to enable more migrant workers to obtain skills training opportunities,but also provide migrant workers with more targeted skills training.Moreover,the improvement of employment quality of migrant workers can also be achieved through development of skills training of migrant workers through subsidies to enterprises or individuals.