中国四大冬小麦主产区品种农艺性状的综合性分析

Comprehensive Analysis of Agronomic Traits of Four Main Winter Wheat Producing Areas in China

以2017—2018年我国长江中下游冬麦区、黄淮冬麦区南片和北片、北部冬麦区水地组生产试验的46份新品种为研究对象,对13个主要农艺性状进行综合性分析和评价。结果表明,四大麦区的变异系数从大到小依次是稳定时间、最高蘖、湿面筋、穗数、穗粒数、基本苗、全生育期、千粒重、粗蛋白、产量、株高、吸水率、容重。表明除千粒重和稳定时间外,其余11个性状差异均达显著或极显著。产量与穗数呈极显著正相关,与千粒重呈显著正相关,与穗粒数呈极显著负相关;容重、粗蛋白、湿面筋、吸水率、稳定时间均与产量呈正相关。农艺性状的前3个主成分反映了72.770%的原始数据信息,第1主成分累计贡献率达51.056%,综合为产量因子,第2主成分、第3主成分分别综合为吸水因子和稳定因子。在欧氏距离5.1处,46个新品种被分为4个类群,各个类群都表现出不同的品种属性,可根据育种目标选择不同类群的品种(系)配制组合,以便提高育种效率。

In this paper, a total of 46 new varieties collected from the winter wheat regions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the south and north parts of the Huanghuai winter wheat regions, and the Shuidi group in the northern winter wheat regions of China in 2017 to 2018 were used as materials to analyzed and evaluated comprehensively the 13 main agronomic traits.The results showed that the variation coefficients of four wheat regions from large to small were stable time, the maximum tillering, wet gluten, panicle number, grain number per panicle, basic seedling, whole growth period, 1 000-grain weight, crude protein, yield, plant height, water absorption rate, bulk density.Also, the results showed that the differences of the other 11 traits were significant or extremely significant except 1 000-grain weight and stable time.Yield was significantly positively correlated with panicle number, 1 000-grain weight, and grain number per panicle, while bulk density, crude protein, wet gluten, water absorption and stabilization time were positively correlated with yield.The first three principal components of agronomic traits reflected 72.770% of the original data information.The first principal component contributed 51.056%,which was the yield factor, the second principal component and the third principal component were water absorption factor and stability factor respectively.At the Euclidean distance of 5.1,46 new varieties were divided into four groups, and each group showed different variety attributes.The varieties(lines) of different groups could be selected according to breeding objectives to make combinations to improve breeding efficiency.