石窟寺文物的数字化保护与利用

Digital protection and utilization of Grotto cultural relics

随着信息技术的飞速发展,石窟寺文物的数字化保护与利用引起了国内外的广泛关注。文章从石窟寺文物数字化采集、保护和利用等方面进行系统梳理,重点分析石窟寺文物数字化保护中三维信息获取、三维重建评价以及三维打印等相关前沿信息技术的应用现状。并针对石窟寺文物数字化保护和利用工程实践中的难点,给出采用激光脉冲三维采集细部结合多视图重建采集整体形状的三维重建结合三维打印的解决方案。同时,针对摄影测量计算过程中可能出现的整体形状偏差,采用脉冲式激光三维扫描仪在石窟中进行整体扫描来建立石窟三维形状的框架,以对多视图重建计算中的空间解算误差进行约束。其中,提出了基于关键参数一致化的分布式集中约束调整方法,在保障精确度的同时得到更好的计算效率。然后通过云冈石窟和龙门石窟字化保护和利用的经典案例,具体分析工程实践中的难点,并探讨以上解决方案的可行性。综合考虑成本与效果等多种因素,该方案是当前技术条件下性价比相对较高,同时可以兼顾色彩与质感原真再现的解决思路。最后对未来趋势进行展望并给出相关技术和应用建议。

With the rapid development of digital technology,the digital protection and utilization of grotto cultural relics have attracted worldwide attention.We introduce the digitalization of grotto cultural relics from three perspectives,namely,the collection,protection,and utilization of grotto cultural relics.Moreover,it laid special stress on analyzing the applying status of the cutting-edge technology related to the digital protection of these cultural relics.In analyzing the cutting-edge research,we found that digital protection research on grotto temple cultural relics has been formed,which is developing rapidly with the dropping cost of technology.The rapid update of cultural relics digitization technology and endless applications extended the scope of cultural relics digitization technology from the initial digital recording to various applications.Thus,listing all the types of technologies involved in cultural relics digitization is impossible.This study discusses the digital protection and utilization of the cultural relics of the cave temple in recent years,mainly involving the visual information category.Moreover,other technical scopes will not be introduced.The protection and utilization of digitization include protection related to digital recording and the utilization of digitized information.The technologies used by them are different but not completely unrelated.This study classifies and summarizes from the technology perspective.The Longmen Grottoes art mainly includes cave niche architecture,stone sculptures,and stele inscriptions.Cave niche architecture refers to the shape of cave niches,eaves,lintels,wood-like buildings on the walls,stone relief towers,and so on.Therefore,the technology used must also be covered extensively.Next,this study mainly introduces 3D information acquisition technology and 3D printing.However,current research topics remain relatively scattered,hence a complete system has not yet been formed.Domestic research also has problems,such as convergence of research perspectives and lack of international exchanges.Finally,through the introduction and analysis of the classic cases of Yungang Grottoes and Longmen Grottoes,the paper explores the future trends and provides relevant technology and application suggestions.The success of the two cases also shows that the digital work of the cave temple is the result of the cross integration of multiple technologies and multiple,and that over emphasis on a certain technology often fails to solve practical problems.How to deeply mine the effective information of the collected data,and flexibly use VR,AR,and artificial intelligence,and other related technologies to use and inherit the cave temple culture is a hot research trend in the future.