元明之际吐鲁番政治变迁考

The Political Changes of Turfan from the Late Yuan Dynasty to the Early Ming Dynasty

元末明初,察合台汗国控制吐鲁番后,另立了"高昌亦都护"。东察合台汗国大汗秃黑鲁帖木儿死后,吐鲁番一度脱离汗国的控制。此后的几位大汗重新占领吐鲁番并以不同形式加强对吐鲁番的管辖,驱逐了吐鲁番的本土势力,改变了吐鲁番的政治架构。与此同时,伊斯兰教崛起,佛教走向凋零。通过几代统治者的努力,吐鲁番逐渐成为东察合台汗国东部的政治中心。

The political changes in Turfan area during the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty were very complicated,and the previous studies have not made a clear discussion.According to the Uighur and Mongolian language documents unearthed in Turfan and other places and referring to the Chinese and Persian language historical books,it can be seen that after the Chagatai Khanate controlled Turfan,Qoco Iduqud(高昌亦都护)was set up to manage the area.Turfan once broke away from the control of Khanate after the death of Tughlugh Timur.After that,several Khans occupied Turfan again,strengthened the control over Turfan in different forms,expelled Turfan’s local forces,and changed Turfan’s political structure.At the same time,Islam rose and Buddhism declined.Through the efforts of several generations of rulers,Turfan gradually became the eastern political center of Eastern Chagatai Khanate.