碳达峰目标场景下全国统一电力市场关键问题分析

Key Issue Analysis in National Unified Power Market Under Target Scenario of Carbon Emission Peak

我国电力供需逆向分布特点,以及跨区跨省输电网架的建立,一定程度上决定了我国电力资源的优化配置方式。随着我国双碳远景目标的逐步明确,建立全国统一电力市场化运营体系的重要性进一步凸显。针对欧美等成熟运营电力市场的市场发展历程、市场主体激励方式、市场设计基本思想、市场出清结果安全性、市场出清机制与时序衔接等核心问题开展分析,考虑碳减排目标给各国市场运行的影响,分析了碳减排约束下欧美电力市场的融合发展,基于我国层级调度、省间省内差异性输配电价体系、省为电力平衡责任主体等不同于国外的市场运营基础条件,分析了全国统一电力市场建设的关键问题,并提出了解决思路,可为我国电力市场设计提供决策参考。

The reverse distribution characteristics of China’s power supply and demand, as well as the establishment of the cross-regional & cross-provincial transmission network racks, to a certain extent determine the optimal model of China’s power resources. With the gradual clarity of China’s carbon emission reduction vision, it’s of further highlighted importance to establish a unified national power market-oriented operation system. The core issues of the mature power markets in Europe and North America are analyzed, including the market development courses the incentive modes of market participants, the basic ideas of market designs, the safety of market clearing results, the mechanisms of market clearance and timing convergence.Considering the impacts of carbon reduction targets on the market operation in various countries, this paper analyzes the fused development of the power markets in Europe and the United States under the constraints of carbon emission reduction. The key problems about the construction of the unified electric power market in our country are discussed. The solutions based on different basic conditions of market operations are put forward, such as China’s hierarchical dispatching model, the differential transmission price systems between provinces, and the province’s responsibility for power balance.