乡村教师激励政策优化

The Optimization of the Incentive Policies for Rural Teachers

近年来,立足乡村教师队伍建设的现实需要,国家出台了一系列旨在提升乡村教师获得感和岗位吸引力的激励政策。在产生良好效果的同时,也出现堵点。在县域内从中心到边缘政策效应递减,弱化的补偿未能达到艰苦边远地区乡村教师的心理预期,薪酬补贴的精准差异化分配机制尚未建立;政策效应在教师群体内部分化明显,长时间要求的激励政策设计与青年教师的关键需要形成错位,对青年教师作用有限;城乡教师发展机会不均等,侧重补偿的激励政策,并不契合乡村教师的发展愿景等。为此,应科学测算艰苦边远地区乡村教师心理定价,建立高度精准的地区与薪酬匹配补偿政策机制;加入短时间要求激励政策设计,构建弹性化补偿激励政策机制;强化发展性政策杠杆,形成补偿性激励和发展性激励相结合的多维政策工具。

Based on the actual needs for the development of rural teachers,China formulated a series of incentive policies in recent years to enhance rural teachers’sense of fulfillment and improve the attractiveness of their work.The policies have produced good results,but some problems arise:The policies achieve a gradually decreasing effect from the center to the edge in county-level areas,the weakened compensation for rural teachers fails to meet the psychological expectations of rural teachers working in remote areas or in areas with difficult working conditions,and the precise differential mechanism for allocating subsidies has not been established;the policies produce significantly different effects on different rural teachers,the incentive policies for those teachers intending to work for a long time in rural areas fail to meet the crucial needs of young rural teachers and have a limited effect on them;and urban and rural teachers fail to have equal opportunities to seek development,and the incentive policies focusing on compensation are not compatible with rural teachers’desires for development.Therefore,we need to scientifically measure the psychological pricing of rural teachers working in remote areas or in areas with difficult working conditions,and make a highly accurate policy to ensure that the rural teachers working in remote areas or in areas with difficult working conditions obtain compatible compensations;make a flexible incentive policy for those teachers working for a short time in rural areas;and highlight the formulation of developmental policies,and design multi-dimensional policy tools combining both compensatory and developmental incentives.