2019年我国不同地区牧场生牛乳中致病菌污染及抗生素耐药情况研究

Contamination and antibiotic resistance of multiple pathogens in raw milk from different farms of different regions of China in 2019

目的了解我国不同地区牧场生牛乳中致病菌污染情况和细菌耐药特征。方法对2019年9—11月采集自43家不同地区牧场的53份生牛乳样品进行6种致病菌的分离鉴定,对分离株开展抗生素耐药性检测。结果 53份样品中大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(单增李斯特菌)的污染率分别为62.26%(33/53)、20.75%(11/53)、5.66%(3/53)和3.77%(2/53),克罗诺杆菌和沙门氏菌均未检出。选取117株分离株进行药物敏感性实验,其中58株菌耐药,总体耐药率为49.57%(58/117);90株革兰氏阴性菌中有33株耐药,耐药率为36.67%(33/90);27株革兰氏阳性菌中有25株耐药株,耐药率为92.59%(25/17)。结论不同地区牧场采集的生牛乳中细菌污染情况差异较大,污染随气温降低呈下降趋势。同时生乳中细菌分离株多重耐药率高,需进一步严格控制兽用抗生素的使用。

Objective To understand the contamination of pathogens and the antibiotics resistance characterization in raw milk in China. Methods A total of 53 raw milk samples collected from 43 pastures in different regions in China from September to November in 2019 were detected the contamination of six pathogens, and isolates were tested for the antibiotic resistant ability. Results The contamination rates of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes were 62.26%(33/53), 20.75%(11/53), 5.66%(3/53)and 3.77%(2/53), respectively. The detection of Cronobacter and Salmonella were negative. A total of 117 isolates were selected for antibiotics resistance test and 58 strains were resistant to antibiotics, accounted for 49.57%(58/117). 33 of 90 gram-negative strains were resistant strains, accounted for 36.67%(33/90). 25 of 27 gram-positive bacteria were resistant strains, accounted for 92.59%(25/17). Conclusion The bacterial contamination in raw milk collected from pastures in different regions was quite different, and showed a downward trend with the decrease of temperature. Isolates from raw milk showed a high multiple antibiotics resistance rate, suggesting a cautious control of veterinary antibiotics should be adopted.