外泌体microRNA在阿尔茨海默症的早期诊断研究进展

Advance of Exosomal MicroRNA in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

阿尔茨海默症(AD)是一种最普遍的神经退行性疾病,以记忆和认知障碍损害为主要特点,其病理特征主要为β淀粉样蛋白沉积和tau蛋白在大脑中的异常磷酸化。外泌体(exosomes)是由大多数细胞分泌的纳米级胞外囊泡,其中microRNA(miRNA)占所有外泌体RNA的50%以上,目前研究发现外泌体miRNA的异常表达将为AD的早期诊断提供新思路。本文回顾了外泌体生物学特性及外泌体miRNAs的最新研究进展,总结了外泌体miRNA在AD的早期潜在诊断价值。

Alzheimer′s disease(AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative dementia, which is characterized by memory and cognitive impairment.The pathological feature of AD is mainly amyloid beta deposition and abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein in the brain.Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by most cells, in which microRNA(miRNA) accounts for more than 50% of all exosomal RNAs.Current research has found that the abnormal expression of exosomal miRNA may provide new ideas for the early diagnosis of AD.In this paper, we review the recent research progress in biological characteristics of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs, and summarize the potential value of exosomal miRNA in the early diagnosis of AD.