地理可达性减贫效应与机理研究进展

Progress in Poverty Reduction Effect and Mechanism of Geographical Accessibility

可达性是早期人地关系产生的最重要媒介。地理可达性作为地理要素的主要表征模式之一,是解释人类活动与地理环境相互作用的关系、影响、效应及机理的有效手段与方法。分析地理可达性的演化与发展,剖析地理可达性与贫困的关系,地理可达性减贫的影响及其耦合作用,对于系统性构建地理可达性减贫的研究框架具有重要意义。在梳理地理可达性研究进展的基础上,发现可达性内涵逐渐从单一的距离表征(可进入性)转变为多维要素的可获性,凸显了可达性表征内涵的系统性和整体性。伴随着我国区域性绝对贫困的消除,贫困研究的重心也逐步从绝对贫困向相对贫困转变,从精准脱贫向可持续减贫及乡村振兴转变;已有文献中地理可达性与贫困的关系主要体现在地理空间对贫困的基础性作用,地理可达性对减贫影响的多重路径等方面。基于已有研究,以系统性和整体性为基础,构建了地理可达性减贫的研究框架,认为应当从"关系—影响—效应—机理"4个板块对地理可达性减贫进行探究,系统性地剖析地理可达性对减贫的影响效应和机理。研究结果对于丰富基于中国国情的减贫地理学理论,实践上支撑减少相对贫困、促进乡村振兴发展和可持续发展目标的实现具有重要意义。

Accessibility is the most important factor for the early human-land relationship.Geographical accessibility,as one of the main representation modes of geographic elements,is an effective means and method to explain the relationship,influence,effect,and mechanism of the interaction between human activities and the geographic environment.By combing the evolution and development of geographic accessibility,and analyzing the relationship between geographic accessibility and poverty,the impact of geographic accessibility in poverty reduction and its coupling,are of great significance for the systematic construction of a research framework for geographic accessibility and poverty reduction.Based on the combing of the research progress of geographical accessibility,the article finds that the connotation of accessibility has gradually changed from a single distance representation(accessibility)to the availability of multi-dimensional elements,highlighting the system and integrity of the connotation of accessibility representation.With the elimination of absolute poverty in China,the focus of poverty research has gradually shifted from absolute poverty to relative poverty.In the existing literature,the relationship between geographical accessibility and poverty is mainly reflected in the basic role of geographical space on poverty,and the multiple paths of the impact of geographical accessibility on poverty reduction.Based on the existing research and the basis of systematisms and integrity,this paper constructs the research framework of poverty reduction by geographical accessibility and holds that we should explore the poverty reduction by geographical accessibility from the four parts of"relationship,impact,effect and mechanism",and systematically analyze the impact effect and mechanism of geographical accessibility on poverty reduction.The research results are of great significance for enriching China’s poverty reduction theory,supporting the reduction of relative poverty in practice,and promoting the realization of rural revitalization and sustainable development.