《少年》中“宗教与人生”书写的思想史意义

The Ideological Significance of Writing on“A Life with Religion”in Dostoevsky’s The Adolescent

《少年》既是陀思妥耶夫斯基一部典型的描述父与子主题和少年精神成长的成长小说,更是一个书写“宗教与人生”思想的重要文本。少年出身的“偶合家庭”折射出俄国贵族阶层解体的实质,反映了作家的根基主义思想。维尔希洛夫作为俄国“多余人”的变体,阿尔卡季作为处于孩童和成人过渡期的少年,共同亟需精神引导的特点说明了全体救赎的必要性。“圣容善心”和“蜘蛛灵魂”从正反两面促使少年学会辨别是非和选择正确的人生道路。《少年》中关于“宗教与人生”书写的思想史意义,重在彰显人们在失去俄国东正教精神和失而复得之间的不懈追寻与探求,并且展望少年一代的理想与使命的过程。

Dostoevsky’s novel, The Adolescent, is not merely a Bildungsroman that addresses the theme of the father-and-son relationship and an adolescent’s spiritual growth, but rather an important text that represents the idea of “a life with religion”. The “Random Family,” in which the teenager Arkady lives, reflects the essence of the Russian aristocracy’s disintegration and reveals the writer’s thoughts of Pochvenichestvo(Native-Soil-ism). The fact that both Versilov, a variant of “superfluous man” in Russia, and Arkady, a teenager in his transition between childhood and adulthood, are in urgent need of spiritual guidance highlights the necessity of universal salvation. Two things, “blagoobrazie”(благообразие, “holy face with kind heart”) and “spider’s soul”, help the adolescent learn, from both positive and negative perspectives, how to distinguish good from evil and choose the proper way of life. The ideological significance in writing about “a life with religion” in The Adolescent is intended to show people’s persistent search and pursuit of the Russian Orthodox ethics between its loss and its recovery and look forward to the ideal and mission of the young generation.