Al基复合含能材料的制备及燃烧性能研究

Preparation and Combustion Properties of Al Based Composite Energetic Materials

为改进Al基复合含能材料的燃烧性能,采用先氧化后还原热处理方法制备了多层石墨烯,结合高能球磨法制备了Al-C、Al-B和Al-B-C 3种复合材料,并采用SEM-EDS和XRD等方法表征了复合材料的结构;采用氧弹量热仪测定了复合材料的燃烧热;采用CO2激光点火器测定了复合材料的点火延迟时间。结果表明,制备的多层还原氧化石墨烯比表面积为85.5m^(2)/g,孔径介于15~200nm之间;在600℃和700℃热处理的Al-C材料具有最高的燃烧热值,材料的点火延迟时间随热处理温度的升高而有所延长;Al-B复合材料在高温下易生成AlB2合金,这使得未经热处理的材料具有最高的燃烧热值,而750℃处理的材料具有最小的点火延迟时间;经过600℃和700℃热处理的Al-B-C复合材料的燃烧热值最高,过多B的加入会抑制材料的燃烧,但也会缩短材料的点火延迟时间。

To improve the combustion performance of Al based composite energetic materials,multilayer graphene was prepared by oxidation and reduction heat treatment.Al-C,Al-B and Al-B-C composites were prepared by high energy ball milling method.The structure of the composites were characterized by SEM,EDS mapping and XRD.The heat of combustion of the composites were measured by oxygen bomb calorimeter.The ignition delay time of composites were measured by CO2 laser igniter.The results show that the prepared multilayer graphene has a specific surface area of 85.5m^(2)/g and a pore diameter of 15—200nm.The Al-C material heat treated at 600℃and 700℃has the highest combustion calorific value,and the ignition delay time increases with an increase in heat treatment temperature;Al-B is easy to produce AlB2 at high temperature,which leads to the highest heat of combustion without heat treatment and the minimum ignition delay time of treatment at 750℃.The heat of combustion of Al-B-C composites after heat treatment at 600℃and 700℃is the highest.The addition of too much of B inhibits the combustion of the materials,but it will shorten the ignition delay time of the materials.