“家乐”与“家班”辨析

Differentiation of “Family Music Troupe” and “Family Opera Troupe”

目前学术界存在较为普遍的将“家乐”与“家班”相等同并进行混用的情况。我们回到古代的语境中考察得知,“家乐”指的是达官显贵、文人士大夫阶层私家所蓄养的乐人及其所构成的演出团体,而“家班”是现代学者从营利性质的“戏班”这一概念去观照“家乐”的产物,是明代中后期以后以搬演戏曲为主的自成体系、分工明确、组织性强的家庭演出团体。从家乐到家班,一方面突出了戏曲演剧功能,另一方面是家乐自我发展的高级形态。

At present,it is common in academic circles that the concepts of“Family Music Troupe”and“Family Opera Troupe”are equal and mixed.When we go back to the context of the ancients,we know that“Family Music Troupe”refers to the performance group composed of musicians reared by the dignitaries,scholars and officials,while the concept of“Family Opera Troupe”is the product of modern scholars to observe“Family Music Troupe”from the concept of“theatrical troupe”with profit nature.“Family Opera Troupe”is a self-organized“Family Music Troupe”with clear division of labor and strong organization after the middle and late Ming Dynasty.From the family music troupe to family opera troupe,on the one hand,emphasized the theatrical function,on the other hand,it is the advanced form of family music troupe’s self-development.