出土秦简所见“从人”问题研究

Research on the Issue of“Congren”in Unearthed Qin Slips

“从人”并不是随从故六国反秦的贵族,而是主张合纵反秦者,也就是先秦时期的纵横家。秦每攻灭一国,便对该国的“从人”群体予以通缉。“从人”的处罚根据罪行轻重可判罚上至死刑、下至迁耐的刑罚,且会株连妻、子、同产等。简文中的“输”当释为“输作”,体现为长距离迁徙后的异地服刑。秦之所以严厉打击“从人”:首先,“从人”及“游说之术”与秦赖以立国的“耕战”策略相忤;其次,秦有“重刑以禁奸”的传统;最后,运用心态史学的方法分析可知,秦始皇的早年经历造就了其多疑、缺乏安全感的性格与强烈的权力欲,对“从人”群体进行打击的做法亦与秦始皇个人心态有关。

“Congren”is not an aristocrat who followed the Six Kingdoms against Qin,but a person who advocated“HeZong”against Qin,that is,the“zonghengjia”in the pre-Qin period.Every time Qin conquered a country,he included the“congren”groups in that country on the wanted list.The punishment for“Congren”can range from the death penalty to the penalty of moving to the end according to the severity of the crime.And will implicated wives,sons,brothers,etc;“Shu”in the Qin Slips should be interpreted as“Shu zuo”,which is reflected in serving sentences in different places after long-distance migration.The reason why Qin severely cracked down on“Congren”:first,“Congren”and“skills of lobbying”were incompatible with the“cultivation and war”strategy Qin relied on to build the country;second,Qin had a tradition of“severe punishment to crime”;Thirdly,using the analysis of mentality historiography,it can be seen that Qin Shihuang’s early experience created his suspicious,insecure personality and a strong desire for power.The method of attacking the“congren”group is also related to his personal mentality.