美国手语语言规划历时演变考察

An Inspection on Evolution of Language Planning of American Sign Language

手语作为聋人群体的语言,相应的语言政策及规划工作在许多国家得到展开。美国手语及其规划历时较久,考察其政策规划的历时演变具有重要意义。将美国手语两百余年的发展历程分为3个时期,即初现期、压制期以及复兴期,以此为经;同时,将语言政策规划分为3个方面,即地位规划、习得规划及本体规划,以此为纬。在经纬交织的脉络空间内分析美国手语的发展历程及语言规划的发展特点,以利于对美国手语政策的全面了解,总结其历史发展及相应语言政策规划的经验与教训,为中国手语语言规划的发展提供借鉴。

Great attention has been increasingly paid to sign languages and their policy in many countries,as they have been legalized in more than 40 countries.American Sign Language(ASL)can be compared to English in its prestige in the sign language world.However,the language policy and planning of ASL has been long ignored,and especially rare is the research looking into the evolution of ASL Language policy historically.Firstly,this paper sketches out the development of ASL in two centuries,which consists of status,acquisition and corpus planning under the framework of Cooper,and then its development in history can be divided into three periods:renaissance,oppression and revival.Finally,its features and causes are analyzed so as to benefit our understanding of the current ASL and our own decision and work in sign language planning in China.