中小学作业设计变革:目标确认、理念建构及实践路径

Reform of Homework Design in Primary and Secondary Schools:Goal Confirmation,Concept Construction and Practice Path

当前基础教育变革的关注点正从宏观调控层面走向微观的实践层面,中小学作业作为一个体现教育教学变革和中小学生学业负担的载体,正受到越来越广泛的关注。发展学生的学会学习核心素养可以作为中小学作业设计变革的目标取向。基于发展学生学会学习核心素养的作业需要以适切的作业内容做载体,营造自主的学习环境,保证作业活动的顺利进行,提供展示与交流的机会和注重发挥反馈及反思的功能。在作业设计中,要注重知识掌握与学习能力提升并行、任务的丰富性与背景的单一性相统一、学生的自主性与资源的支持性相联系以及表现性评价与发展性评价相结合等原则。在实践层面,作业目标设计要关注学生学习素养的发展,作业内容设计要立足课程并科学设计,作业实施设计要注重学习环境的营造,作业评价设计要注重丰富评价主体与评价方式。

At present,the focus of primary education reform is moving from the macro-control level to the micro-practical level.Primary and secondary school homework,as a carrier reflecting the education and teaching reform and the academic burden of primary and secondary school students,is receiving more and more attention.The development of students'core literacy of learning can be regarded as the goal orientation of the reform of homework design in primary and secondary schools.Based on the development of students'learning core literacy,homework needs to use appropriate homework content as the carrier,create an independent learning environment,ensure the smooth progress of homework activities,provide opportunities for display and communication,and pay attention to the function of feedback and reflection.In homework design,the principles of knowledge mastery and learning ability improvement,the unity of task richness and background,the connection between students'autonomy and resource support,and the combination of performance evaluation and development evaluation should be valued.At the practical level,the design of homework objectives should pay attention to the development of students'learning literacy,the design of homework content should be based on curriculum and scientific design,the design of homework implementation should pay attention to the construction of learning environment,and the design of homework evaluation should pay attention to enriching evaluation subjects and evaluation methods.