中国技术进步偏向、要素配置效率与产业结构转型升级

Technological Progress Direction,the Efficiency of Resource Allocation and the Transformation of Industrial Structure in China

2021年中央政治局会议提出引导企业加大技术改造投资,强调制造业投资应在保持较快增长的同时实现产业结构升级,反映了中央对产业结构转型升级的重视。那么,技术进步偏向在推动产业结构转型升级中又扮演怎样的角色?采用随机前沿模型测算2002-2017年我国285个城市的技术进步偏向和要素配置效率,实证研究其对我国产业结构转型升级的影响。结果表明:近年来我国地级市技术进步整体偏向资本,但呈逐渐递减趋势,而偏向劳动的年份集中在2002年和2003年,且均集中在西部地区。分析产业结构影响因素发现,劳动、资本配置效率的提高以及资本偏向型技术进步均有助于促使我国产业结构转型升级;此外,人均收入、对外开放程度、外商投资、教育和科技投入也对城市产业结构转型升级具有促进作用。因此,可通过基础设施建设等实现因地制宜的对外开放,加强对落后地区特别是中西部地区资本引进,继续实施西部大开发战略,实现规范的中央转移支付,以推进区域产业结构升级。

The politburo meeting in 2021 proposed to guide enterprises to increase investment in technological transformation,emphasizing that manufacturing investment should maintain rapid growth while achieving industrial structure upgrading,reflecting the central government s emphasis on industrial structure transformation and upgrading.So,what role does technological advancement play in promoting the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure?This paper uses SFA model to measure the technological progress direction and the efficiency of resource allocation based on 285 cities in China from 2002 to 2017,and empirically studies their impact on the transformation and upgrading of China s industrial structure.The results show that the technological progress of the prefectural-level cities in China is biased towards capital as a whole,and tends to decrease gradually,and tends to labor in 2002 and 2003,and is concentrated in the western regions.In the analysis of influencing factors of industrial structure,this paper finds that the improvement of capital and labor allocation efficiency,as well as capital-biased technological progress,contributes to the upgrading of industrial structure in China,the increase in per capita income.Furthermore,openness to the outside world,foreign investment,education and investment in science and technology also contributed to the upgrading of the industrial structure.This article proposes to implement opening up to the outside world by starting with infrastructure and other means,strengthening the introduction of capital to backward areas,especially the central and western regions,continuing the strategy of western development,and realizing standardized central transfer payments,in order to promote the upgrading of regional industrial structure.