盘锦市新发现HIV感染者/AIDS患者流行特征与趋势分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics and trend of newly discovered HIV infected persons and AIDS patients in Panjin City

目的通过对盘锦市新发现人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virons,HIV)感染者/艾滋病(acquired immune deficiency syndro,AIDS)患者的流行特征进行分析,为艾滋病防控措施制定提供科学依据。方法从大疫情平台导出2007—2020年盘锦市新发现HIV感染者/AIDS患者的相关数据,并进行统计分析。结果盘锦市艾滋病疫情总体呈先上升再下降趋势,HIV抗体筛查人次数及确证阳性数呈现出逐年上升趋势,确证阳性检测率从2007年的0.01%上升到2020年的0.04%。检测咨询及医疗机构检测中阳性检测率构成比最大,分别是47.41%和40.56%。报告病例中主要为性途径传播,其中经男男同性传播途径占66.67%。兴隆台区发病率高于其他县区,男性发病率(6.35/10万)高于女性(0.35/10万),男女发病数比例为16.61∶1,女性感染者处于低流行水平,但病例报告总体趋势为逐年增加趋势。病例报告主要集中在中青年性活跃人群,占总病例的87.85%。职业分布以家务及待业、商业服务、工人和农民为主占总病例的68.30%。结论扩大监测检测覆盖面是早期发现感染者的重要途径,及时转介治疗是有效控制艾滋病的流行的有效措施。加强男性性接触人群人群、老年人群和农民工人群的宣传干预,在重点人群及高危人群中开展艾滋病干预检测,提高早期发现比例和患者预后生命质量,减少感染者晚发现比例。

Objective By analyzing the epidemic characteristics of newly discovered human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infected persons and acquire immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)patients in Panjin City,to provide scientific basis for the formulation of AIDS prevention and control measures.Methods The data of newly discovered HIV infected persons and AIDS patients in Panjin City from 2007-2020 were derived from the platform of epidemic situation,and were analyzed statistically.Results The epidemic situation of AIDS in Panjin City was rising first and then decreasing,the number of antibody screening and the number of confirmed positive cases showed an increasing trend year by year,and the test rate of confirmed positive cases increased from0.01% in 2007 to 0.04% in 2020.The proportion of positive detection in counseling and medical institutions was the largest,which was 47.41% and 40.56% respectively.Among reported cases,the sexual transmission was the main route,and male homosexual transmission accounted for 66.67%.The incidence of Xinglongtai District was higher than that of other counties.The incidence rate among men(6.35/lakh)was higher than that among women(0.35/lakh),the ratio of male-to-female was 16.61∶1.Female infected persons were at a low epidemic level,but the overall trend of case reports was increasing year by year.Case reports were concentrated in young and middle-aged sexually active people,accounting for 87.85% of the total cases.Household and unemployment,business services,workers and farmers accounted for 68.30% of the total cases.Conclusion Expanding the coverage of surveillance and detection is an important way to detect infected persons in the early stage,and timely referral is an effective measure to control the epidemic of AIDS.It is necessary to enhance the publicity and intervention among male sexual contact population,elderly and migrant workers,carry out AIDS intervention testing among key population and high-risk population,to increase the rate of early detection,improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients and reduce the proportion of late detection of infection.