水溶肥对马铃薯生长及茎基腐病发生的影响

Study on the Effect of Water-soluble Fertilizer on Potato Growth and Stem Rot

以马铃薯专用水溶肥为供试材料,采用大田对比试验,调查马铃薯水溶肥对增产和抗茎基腐病的效果。结果表明,马铃薯专用水溶肥作为底肥,马铃薯单株薯块重、平均单薯重、商品薯率、单产较常规化肥分别提高41.40~42.50 g、2.10~4.10 g、4.00%~4.30%、227.92~233.64 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1),增产8.14%,增产效果明显;马铃薯茎基腐病在幼苗期、结薯期、成熟期,地下茎、匍匐茎、块茎的病情指数较常规化肥下降,防效分别达91.26%~93.65%、69.77%~75.07%、63.94%~67.88%,表明水溶肥增强了对茎基腐病的抗性。为马铃薯减肥增效和提高茎基腐病的抗性提供依据。

The special water-soluble fertilizer for potato was used as the test material,and the field comparative experiment was used to investigate the effect of potato water-soluble fertilizer on yield increase and resistance to stalk rot.The results showed that the special water-soluble fertilizer for potato as a base fertilizer was safe for potato emergence.The weight of potato per plant,average weight per potato,commercial potato rate,yield were 41.40-42.5 g,2.10-4.10 g higher than conventional fertilizers.4.00%-4.30%,227.92-233.64 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1),the yield increase efficiency was 8.14%,and the yield increase effect was obvious.Potato stalk basal rot disease in the seedling,tuber,and mature stages of underground stems,stolons and tubers had better disease indexes than conventional fertilizers decrease,the control effect reached 91.26%-93.65%、69.77%-75.07%、63.94%-67.88%,respectively,which enhanced the resistance to stalk base rot.It provided a basis for the potato to lose weight and increased the efficiency and improved the comprehensive level of resistance to stalk base rot.