僧身与士心:论释皎然诗歌的现实性

Monk’s Body and Scholar’s Heart:Realism of Shi Jiaoran’ Poems

释皎然不仅是中唐一位著名的诗僧,而且是杰出的诗论家,无论是为僧前还是为僧后,都写了不少反映现实生活的诗歌。这些具有明显现实性的诗歌主要体现在三个方面:一是自身现实:求学赶考,求仕不畅,抒发怀才不遇之感;二是社会现实:身遭战乱,忧心国事,体现忧国忧民之情;三是边塞现实:关注边塞,赞扬边塞将士保家卫国英勇杀敌,体现爱国之心。释皎然创作现实性诗歌的原因既有时代使然,又有个人际遇,也有佛教世俗化和禅宗灵活思想的推动等。释皎然诗歌的现实性实际上是一位生活在伟大时代背景下,身为僧人却士心仍存的亦僧亦士文学家的典型文学创作表现。

Shi Jiaoran is not only a famous poet monk in the middle Tang Dynasty, but also an outstanding poetry critic. In both the stages before and after becoming a monk, he has written many poems reflecting real life with remarkable realism. The realism of Shi Jiaoran’s poems is mainly reflected in three aspects.The first is his own experiences of pursuing studies and passing examinations, as well as the frustration and setbacks in seeking official position, which reveal the lament for his unrecognized talent. The second is the social reality of disturbing wars and state affairs, which shows his awareness of the devastation of the country and the suffering of the common people. The third is the reality of the frontier fortress, focusing on his praise of the soldiers fighting at the frontier to defend their country, which conveys his patriotism. The main reasons for Shi Jiaoran’s creation of realistic poetry are the influences of the times, his personal experience, the secularization of Buddhism and the promotion of the flexible Zen thought. The realistic poems of Shi Jiaoran embody a typical literary creation of both a monk and a scholar living in the background of the great times.