“竞争化”到“竞争中立化”:市场导向标准的困境及协调路径

“Competition” to “Neutral Competition”:Puzzle and Coordination Path of Market-Oriented Standard

市场导向条件经历了从美欧到西方世界小范围达成共识的过程,竞争是演进中的核心要素,竞争与贸易领域的天然联系是市场导向条件"竞争化"的原因。市场导向标准竞争中立化诠释了竞争中立从竞争领域向区域贸易规则渗透、再向多边贸易体制扩张的过程。区域自贸协定中的竞争中立以约束政府的方式规制国有企业,未能充分虑及经贸实际,使区域化协调国有企业规则的尝试面临重重困境。对多边补贴规则的修改是市场导向标准竞争中立化的新动态,恐将放大实践中矛盾与逻辑上的不自洽。WTO危机反映了规则静态与利益动态的冲突,以恪守多边主义为前提,采竞争与贸易"双轨"并行之策,在国际、国内层面协调国有企业规则,将有助于化解市场的导向分歧。

Market-oriented conditions have gone through the process of reaching consensus on a small scale from the domestic laws of the United States and Europe to the Western world. Competition is the core element in the evolution. The natural connection between competition and trade is the reason for the "competitiveness" of market-oriented conditions. The market-oriented standard "competitive neutralization" interprets the process of competition neutrality infiltrating from the competitive field to regional trade rules and then expanding to the multilateral trading system. Competitive neutrality in the regional free trade agreement regulates state-owned enterprises in a way that restricts the government, and does not fully consider the actual economic and trade conditions, making regionalization attempts to coordinate the rules of state-owned enterprises difficult. The amendment to the multilateral subsidy rules is a new development of the market-oriented standard "competitive neutralization", which may magnify the contradictions and logical inconsistencies in practice. The WTO crisis reflects the conflict between static rules and dynamic interests. On the premise of adhering to multilateralism, adopting a dual-track strategy of paralleling competition and trade, and coordinating the rules of state-owned enterprises at the international and domestic levels will help resolve market-oriented differences.