滤料耐折特性及强力特性对比试验研究

Comparative experimental research on the folding resistance and strength characteristics of filter media

为研究不同材料及加工工艺对滤料耐折特性及强力特性的影响,以玄武岩、玻璃纤维、合成纤维机织布和针刺毡滤料,PTFE浸渍、覆膜处理后及使用后的滤料为研究对象,开展了滤料耐折次数及耐折度、断裂强力及伸长率的对比试验研究,并进行了滤料破损原因和适用性分析。结果表明:同种工艺相比,合成纤维耐折度(机织布为3.55~4.28,针刺毡为≥5.00)最好,玻璃纤维(机织布为3.38~3.65,针刺毡为2.80~2.84)次之,玄武岩(机织布为3.01~3.35,针刺毡为2.46~2.63)最差;样品中机织布的断裂强力优于针刺毡,纬向优于经向;覆膜、浸渍改性工艺可提高滤料的耐折度和断裂强力;在使用一段时间之后,未覆膜滤料的耐折度及断裂强力下降幅度更为明显;不同材料及加工工艺的滤料断裂强力与伸长率的关系有所差异;合成纤维针刺毡虽耐折特性优良,但断裂强力(367~412 N)偏小,伸长率(28.16%~38.42%)较大;玄武岩机织布虽断裂强力(2674~3098 N)较高,且伸长率(4.17%~5.67%)较好,但耐折度(3.01~3.35)并非最优。不同纤维滤料机械性能的研究与分析将对其生产和应用具有指导意义。

In order to study the influence of different materials and processing techniques on the number of folding resistance,breaking strength,and elongation,a comparative study is carried out using the NZ-135 MIT folding resistance tester and the INSTRON 3365 strength tester.The research objects include woven cloth and needle felt filter material of basalt,glass fiber,synthetic fiber,as well as the filter materials processed by PTFE coating and 10% PTFE immersion treatment.The causes of damage and applicability of filter media are analyzed.The results show that under the same process,the folding resistance of synthetic fiber(woven fabric:3.55-4.28;needle felt:≥5.00) is the best,followed by glass fiber(woven fabric:3.38-3.65;needle felt:2.80-2.84) second,while basalt(woven fabric:3.01-3.35;needle felt:2.46-2.63) is the worst.The breaking strength of the woven fabric is better than that of needle felt,and the weft direction is better than the warp direction.The impregnation modification process can improve the folding resistance(glass fiber woven fabric uncoated:2.77-3.17,coated:3.29-3.39;basalt woven fabric:3.01-3.35,impregnated:4.03-4.11) and breaking strength(glass fiber woven fabric uncoated:1 931-2 392 N,coated:2 804-2 970 N;basalt woven:2 674-3 098 N,impregnated:3 097-3 272 N) of the filter material.After a period of use,the folding resistance(the uncoated glass fiber woven fabric after use:1.02-1.40;coated:2.33-3.18) and breaking strength(the uncoated glass fiber woven fabric after use:235-441 N;coated:1 333-1 566 N) of the uncoated filter material decrease significantly.The relationship between the breaking strength and the elongation of different materials and processing technologies is distinct.Although synthetic fiber needled felt has excellent flexural properties,while its breaking strength(367-412 N) is relatively small,and the elongation(28.16%-38.42%) is relatively large.Although basalt woven fabrics have higher breaking strength(2 674-3 098 N),and good elongation(4.17%-5.67%),the folding resistance(3.01-3.35) is not optimal.The research and analysis of the mechanical properties of different fiber filter materials will guide its production and application.