集约化动物养殖区饲料-粪便-饮用水中β受体激动剂的残留特征及其健康风险

Residue characteristics and health risk of beta-agonists in fodder-faeces-drinking water in intensive animal breeding area

目的以中国东部某养殖区为例,探讨β受体激动剂的饲料添加情况和粪便残留特征,评估饮用水中β受体激动剂的人体健康风险。方法利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-MS/MS)检测不同养殖场饲料(n=70)、粪便(n=75)和饮用水(n=59)中12种β受体激动剂的含量,利用Kruskal-Wallis检验分析其在不同畜种粪便间的差异性,通过每日允许摄入量(ADI)评估其健康风险。结果该地区各类样品中均存在β受体激动剂残留。饲料中12种β受体激动剂的检出率均高于50%,其中溴布特罗检出率高达100%,非诺特罗浓度最高(102.94μg/kg)。粪便中β受体激动剂的检出率高于80%,其中溴布特罗和溴代克伦特罗的检出率达到100%,浓度最高为非诺特罗(395.84μg/kg)。不同畜禽粪便的β受体激动剂存在浓度差异,除特布他林外,其他11种物质均以牛粪中残留浓度最高(P<0.05)。饮用水中亦检出所有12种β受体激动剂,且检出率大部分在80%以上,其中溴布特罗检出率达到100%,非诺特罗浓度最高(30.09 ng/L)。通过单一饮用水暴露,克伦特罗和莱克多巴胺非致癌健康风险较低。结论该养殖区饲料中存在添加β受体激动剂的情况并导致较高的粪便残留,已通过环境扩散引起饮用水的污染,需引起相关部门的高度重视。

Objective To investigate the residual characteristics of beta-agonists in fodder and faeces in an animal breeding area in eastern China,and to evaluate the human health risk of them in drinking water.Methods High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS)was used to detect 12 beta-agonists in fodder(n=70),faeces(n=75)and drinking water(n=59)samples of different farms.Differences among faeces of different animal species were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test,and the health risks were evaluated by allowable daily intake(ADI).Results Beta-agonists were detected in all kinds of samples.The detection rate of 12 beta-agonists in fodder was higher than 50%.Detection rate of brombuterol was as high as 100%,and the concentration of fenoterol was the highest(102.94μg/kg).Detection rate of beta-agonists in faeces was higher than 80%,and the detection rates of brombuterol and bromocreentrol were 100%;fenoterol was predominated(395.84μg/kg)in faeces samples.The concentrations of beta-agonists in faeces of different livestock and poultry were statistical significant.Except terbutaline,the residual levels of other 11 substances in faeces were the highest in cattle farms(P<0.05).All beta-agonists were also detected in drinking water,and the detection rate of them was mostly more than 80%,of which brombuterol reached 100%,and the median concentration of fenoterol was the highest(30.09 ng/L).Through drinking water exposure,the non-carcinogenic health risk to human body of clenbuterol and ractopamine was relatively low.Conclusion A variety of beta-agonists were detected in the animal fodder and animal faeces in this study area.Beta-agonists in animal faeces can cause drinking water pollution through environmental diffusion.Thus,beta-agonists administrated in fodder needs to be paid great attention by local government.