2016~2020年济南市两城区大气PM_(2.5)中金属元素浓度特征及慢性健康风险评估

Concentration characteristics and chronic health risk assessment of metal elements in atmospheric PM_(2.5)in two districts of Jinan from 2016 to 2020

目的分析济南市两城区大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中金属元素浓度特征,并进行健康风险评估。方法选择2016~2020年期间济南市市中区和历城区作为监测点,每月定期开展PM_(2.5)及锑、铝、砷、铍、镉、铬、铅、汞、锰、铊、镍、硒等12种金属元素的成分监测,参照《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》进行PM_(2.5)中金属元素的慢性健康风险评估。结果 2016~2020年期间共采集884份石英纤维滤膜,除汞元素外,其他11种金属元素的浓度历城区高于市中区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),两区金属元素浓度占比前三位的分别是铝、铅、锰,占比超过90%;锰、砷、镉的非致癌风险指数(HQ)大于1,存在较高的非致癌风险,其他元素的HQ值均小于1;两区铬的致癌风险(CR)均为最高,其风险值在1×10^(-6)~1×10^(-4)之间,具有一定的致癌风险;其次是砷元素,两个监测点中其CR最大值均超过1×10^(-4)水平;镉元素CR值在两区的中位数均超过1×10^(-6);铅、镍、铍元素的CR最大值均未超过1×10^(-6),引起癌症的风险性较低。结论济南市空气中铝、铅、锰的浓度较高,锰、砷、镉的非致癌风险最高,铬、砷、镉致癌风险最高,应予以重视。

Objective To analyze the concentration characteristics of metal elements in atmospheric PM_(2.5)in two districts of Jinan, and to assess the health risks. Methods From 2016 to 2020, Shizhong District and Licheng District of Jinan were selected to monitor the monthly composition of PM_(2.5)and its 12 metal elements, including antimony, aluminum, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, manganese, thallium, nickel, and selenium. With reference to The Technical Guide for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances, the chronic health risks of metals in PM_(2.5)were analyzed. Results A total of 884 quartz fiber filters were collected. Except mercury, the concentrations of the other 11 metals in Licheng District were higher than those in Shizhong District, with statistically significant differences. The top 3 metals were aluminum, lead and manganese, accounting for 90%. Manganese, arsenic and cadmium had hazard quotient(HQ) greater than 1, indicating a high noncarcinogenic risk. The other metals had HQ less than 1. Chromium had the highest carcinogenic risk, HQ ranging from 1×10^(-6)to 1×10^(-4), conferring certain carcinogenic risk, followed by arsenic, whose maximum carcinogenic risk(CR) exceeded 1×10^(-4)in both monitoring sites;the maximum CR of cadmium exceeded 1×10^(-6)in both monitoring sites;the maximum CR of lead, nickel and beryllium did not exceed 1×10^(-6), indicating a low carcinogenic risk. Conclusion The concentrations of aluminum, lead and manganese are relatively high in the air of Jinan. Manganese, arsenic and cadmium have the highest non-carcinogenic risks, while chromium, arsenic and cadmium have the highest carcinogenic risks.