2016~2020年济南市两城区大气PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃浓度特征及慢性健康风险评估

Concentration characteristics and chronic health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric PM_(2.5) in two districts of Jinan from 2016 to 2020

目的分析大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中多环芳烃浓度特征,并评估PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃吸入途径的慢性健康风险。方法 2016~2020年在济南市市中区和历城区两监测点每月定期开展PM_(2.5)及其萘、苊烯、芴、苊、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、■、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a, h]蒽、苯并[g, h,i]苝、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘等16种多环芳烃的成分监测;参照《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》(WS/T 777-2021)进行大气PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃对成人慢性健康风险评估。结果 2016~2020年市中区共开展监测448 d,历城区共开展监测442 d,历城区萘、苊烯、荧蒽、芘、■、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a, h]蒽、苯并[g, h,i]苝、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘平均浓度水平大于市中区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两监测点多环芳烃浓度自2016年以来呈逐年降低趋势,且呈现出明显的季节性变化规律,冬季为污染最严重的季节;两监测站点苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a, h]蒽、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘的致癌风险均有一定的比例超过风险推荐值1×10^(-6),苯并[a]芘的慢性非致癌风险也均有一定的比例超过风险推荐值1。结论十三五期间济南市大气PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃的浓度呈逐年降低趋势,但PM_(2.5)中苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a, h]蒽、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘均有一定的健康风险,应在今后的空气污染治理中给予重点关注。

Objective To analyze the concentration characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in atmospheric PM_(2.5), and to assess the chronic health risks of inhalation pathway of PAHs. Methods Monthly monitoring of PM_(2.5) and its 16 PAHs were conducted, including naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo [a] anthracene, benzo [b] fluoranthene, benzo [k] fluoranthene, benzo [a] pyrene, dibenz [a, h] anthracene, benzo [g, h, i] perylene, and indeno [1, 2, 3-cd] pyrene. The chronic health risks for adults were assessed with reference to The Technical Guide for Environmental Health risk Assessment of Chemical Substances(WS/T777-2021). Results A total of 448 and 442 days of monitoring were carried out in the Shizhong District and Licheng District, respectively. The average concentrations of naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo [a] anthracene, benzo [b] fluoranthene, benzo [k] fluoranthene, benzo [a] pyrene, dibenz [a, h] anthracene, benzo [g, h,i] perylene and indeno [1, 2, 3-cd] pyrene were in Licheng District higher than those in Shizhong District(P<0.05). The concentrations of PAHs at the two monitoring sites decreased year by year since 2016, showing an obvious seasonal variation, and winter had the most serious pollution. The carcinogenic risks of benzo [a] anthracene, benzo [b] fluoranthene, benzo [k] fluoranthene, benzo [a] pyrene, dibenz [a, h] anthracene, indeno [1, 2, 3-cd] pyrene exceeded the recommended risk value of 1×10^(-6), and the chronic non-carcinogenic risk of benzo [a] pyrene exceeded the recommended risk value of 1. Conclusion During the Thirteenth Five-year Plan period, the concentration of PAHs in atmospheric PM_(2.5) in Jinan decreased year by year, but benzo [a] anthracene, benzo [b] fluoranthene, benzo [k] fluoranthene, benzo [a] pyrene, dibenz [a, h] anthracene, indeno [1, 2, 3-cd] pyrene still have certain health risks, which should arouse more attention in future air pollution control.