济南市宾馆、理发店和美容院室内空气中常见化学污染物的健康风险评估

Health risk assessment of common chemical pollutants in the indoor air of hotels, barber shops and beauty salons in Jinan City

目的了解济南市宾馆、理发店和美容院室内空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲醛、氨的健康风险分布特征,识别宾馆、理发店和美容院可能存在的主要健康风险,为加强公共场所的卫生管理提供技术依据。方法在历下、市中、槐荫、天桥、历城、长清和章丘共7个区,设置监测点进行公共场所健康危害因素监测。采用《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》(WS/T 777-2021)推荐的方法,评估公共场所中化学污染物吸入途径的致癌风险和非致癌风险。结果评估了苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲醛、氨5种危害因素的非致癌风险,所有场所空气中甲苯的非致癌风险指数(HQ)均低于1;所有场所空气中甲醛的HQ中位数均大于1;宾馆的苯、二甲苯和理发店的苯、氨及美容院的苯的HQ中位数均小于1,但风险最大值大于1。评估了甲醛和苯2种危害因素的致癌风险,所有场所空气中甲醛最低风险值均高于10^(-6)水平,最大值高于10^(-4);所有场所空气中苯的致癌风险中位数均低于10^(-6),但最大值均高于10^(-6),其中宾馆存在风险最高值超过10^(-4)情况。结论济南市宾馆、理发店和美容院中甲苯暴露量未超过不良反应阈值,非致癌风险较低;苯、二甲苯、甲醛、氨存在非致癌风险,需要开展持续性监测与风险评估。甲醛引起癌症的风险性较高;苯的致癌风险较低,但也存在极端值风险超过10^(-4)情况。

Objective To explore the health risks and distribution characteristics of benzene,toluene,xylene,ammonia and formaldehyde in hotels,barber shops and beauty salons in Jinan,so as to provide reference for strengthening health management in public places.Methods Monitoring points were set up in Lixia,Shizhong,Huaiyin,Tianqiao,Licheng,Changqing and Zhangqiu to monitor health hazard factors in public places.The method recommended in The Technical Guide for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances(WS/T 777-2021)was used to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of inhalation of chemical pollutants in public places.Results The non-carcinogenic hazard quotient(HQ)of toluene in the air of all public places was lower than 1,while the mediam HQ of formaldehyde was greater than 1.The median HQ of benzene and xylene in hotels,benzene and ammonia in barber shops and benzene in beauty salons were less than 1,but the maximum risk was greater than 1.The lowest carcinogenic risk of formaldehyde in the air of all public places was higher than 10^(-6),and the maximum value was higher than 10^(-4).The median carcinogenic risk of benzene in the air of all public places was lower than 10^(-6),but the maximum value was higher than 10^(-6).The highest risk of benzene in hotels exceeded 10^(-4).Conclusion Toluene exposure in hotels,barber shops and beauty salons in Jinan do not exceed the adverse reaction threshold,and the non-carcinogenic risk is low.Benzene,xylene,ammonia,formaldehyde have non-carcinogenic risks,so continuous monitoring and risk assessment are required.Formaldehyde has a high carcinogenic risk.Benzene has a low carcinogenic risk,but the extreme risk may exceed 10^(-4).