哺乳动物滑翔和飞行性状适应性演化研究进展

Progresses on adaptive evolution of gliding and flying ability in mammals

运动形式的适应性演化与生物的捕食、防御、繁殖和通讯等生存行为紧密相关。哺乳动物演化出的多种多样的运动方式对占领新栖息地和获取新生存资源有着举足轻重的作用,其中滑翔和飞行能力是哺乳动物为适应环境而演化出的特殊运动形式,该类群动物已成为适应性演化研究的热点模型之一。为了适应生存,滑翔和飞行哺乳动物在形态、生理和行为方面都发生了一系列的适应性改变。近年来,随着基因组和转录组等高通量测序技术的日益发展,适应性演化研究进入了组学时代,能够更系统更全面地揭示适应性演化背后的分子基础。本文对哺乳动物滑翔和飞行能力的起源、适应性形态特征,包括翼膜和肢体演化,以及能量代谢等生理特征及其分子机制方面的研究进展进行了综述,以期为今后开展哺乳动物运动方式适应性演化的分子机制研究提供理论基础,同时对该类群研究所面临的挑战和未来的研究方向进行了展望。

The adaptive evolution of locomotion forms is closely related to living behaviors such as predation,defense,reproduction and communication.Diverse forms of mammalian locomotion play an important role in the occupation of new habitats and the acquisition of new resources.The gliding and flying ability of m ammals are special locomotion forms to adapt to the environment,which is a classical model of adaptive evolution study.In order to adapt to survival,the gliding and flying mammals have undergone a series of adaptive changes in morphology,physiology and behavior.In recent years,with the increasing development of high-throughput sequencing technologies such as genome and transcriptome,adaptive evolution research has entered the era of omics,which can more systematically and comprehensively reveal the molecular basis behind adaptive evolution.In this review,we summarize the origin and adaptive morphological characteristics of mammalian gliding and flight ability,including the evolution of patagium and limbs,as well as the physiological characteristi cs and molecular mechanisms of energy metabolism.This review is expected to provide a theoretical basis for future studies of the molecular mechanism of adaptive evolution of mammalian locomotion.In addition,the challenging questions and future research directions of these mammals are outlined as well.