腐殖酸煤对牛粪好氧堆肥臭气释放量及微生物群落多样性的影响

Effects of Weathered Coal Additives on the Odor and Microbial Community Diversity During Cow Manure Aerobic Composting

为对比分析不同腐殖酸煤添加量对牛粪堆肥过程中臭气释放量及微生物群落多样性的影响。以鲜牛粪为主料,分别添加质量分数为5%、10%、15%的腐殖酸煤进行为期50 d的堆肥试验,通过Biolog ECO平板检测技术分析腐殖酸煤添加量对堆肥微生物群落多样性的影响。腐殖酸煤加入量在5%-10%时,堆肥处理的高温持续时间达23-25 d,比CK处理多35 d;添加腐殖酸煤处理的平均AWCD值、平均Shannon指数、平均Simpson指数比CK处理高22.27%-28.47%、2.32%-6.06%和23.21%-30.48%;堆肥产品的种子发芽指数比CK处理高6.53%-13.06%;NH_(3)和H_(2)S释放量比CK处理分别低20.82%-39.74%和25.17%-45.21%。添加5%-10%的腐殖酸煤可以增加堆肥过程中的微生物多样性,促进微生物种群演替,加快对不同物质的转化代谢,促进堆肥腐熟进程,减少臭气的释放量。

This study aims to understand the effects of different added amounts of weathered coal on the release of odor and the diversity of microbial communities during the composting process of cow manure.Taking fresh cow manure as the main material and adding 5%,10%and 15%weathered acid coal respectively to carry out a 50-day composting test,the effect of the weathered acid coal addition on the compost microbial community was analyzed by Biolog ECO flat panel detection technology.When the amount of added weathered coal was 5%-10%,the high temperature duration of composting treatment was 23-25 d,which was 3-5 d longer than that of CK treatment(20 d);the average AWCD value,average Shannon index and average Simpson of the weathered coal treatment were 22.27%-28.47%,2.32%-6.06%and 23.21%-30.48%higher than the CK treatment,respectively;the seed germination index of compost product was 6.53%-13.06%higher than the CK treatment;NH_(3) and H_(2)S release were 20.82%-39.74%and 25.17%-45.21%lower than the CK treatment respectively.In summary,adding 5%-10%weathered coal may increase the microbial diversity in the composting process,promote the succession of microbial populations,accelerate the transformation and metabolism of different substances,promote the decomposing process of the compost,and reduce the release of odor.