基于结构熵和因子分析的我国优秀男子冰球运动员专项体能关键指标研究

Research on the Key Indicators of Ice Hockey-specific Physical Fitness of Elite Chinese Male Ice Hockey Players Based on Structural Entropy and Factor Analysis

冰球运动员专项体能的关键指标研究是评价运动员专项体能的前提。从优秀冰球运动员身体形态、身体机能、陆地运动素质和冰上运动素质4个角度选取关键指标,运用德尔菲法结合国内外冰球体能研究的相关文献,建立我国优秀冰球运动员专项体能的初选关键指标。在此基础上运用结构熵理论减少评价者对评价对象认知上隐含的不确定性并按照其重要性排序,解决指标体系代表性弱、相关性强和重叠性等问题,得出我国优秀男子冰球运动员的专项体能测试指标,再利用因子分析对所得数据进行验证分析,最终得出一级指标4个,二级指标14个,三级指标39个,其中一级指标中陆地运动素质最为重要,其次是身体形态指标、冰上运动素质指标和身体机能指标;二级指标中宽度和围度指标为身体形态的关键指标,有氧供能和无氧供能为身体机能的关键指标,力量素质、耐力素质为陆地运动素质的关键指标,冰上速度为冰上运动素质的关键指标;三级指标中胸围、身高骨盆指数、下肢长B/身高、体脂百分比、最大摄氧量、心功指数、Ttest、俯卧撑、腹肌耐力、手部反应时、立定跳远、25 m×6次往返跑、40 m倒滑、中线至蓝线4次折返滑、5圈8字为关键指标。

A study on the key indicators of ice hockey-specific physical fitness of ice hockey players is the premise for evaluating their physical fitness.In this study,the key indicators are selected from four aspects:body shape,body functions,competence for exercising off ice and competence for exercising on ice.This study uses the Delphi method and resorts to relevant literature of research on ice hockey-specific physical fitness at home and abroad to develop the key preliminary indicators for China’s elite ice hockey players’physical fitness,and on this basis,the structural entropy theory is used to reduce the uncertainties in the evaluator's understanding of those being evaluated;the indicators are then sorted based on their importance to address the problems of weak representation,strong correlation and overlap of the index system;the final indicators for ice hockey-specific physical fitness of China's elite male ice hockey players are established.The data are verified and analyzed by using factor analysis,and finally 4 first-level,14 second-level and 39 third-level indicators are established.Among the first-level indicators,exercising off ice is the most important,followed by indicators for body shape,competence for exercising on ice and body functions.Among the second-level indicators,width and circumference are the key indicators of body shape,aerobic energy supply and anaerobic energy supply are the key indicators of body function,strength and endurance are the key indicators of exercising on ice,and the speed on ice is the key indicator of exercising on ice.Among the third-level indicators,chest circumference,height pelvic index,lower limb length B/height,percentage of body fat,maximum oxygen uptake,cardiac function,t-test,push-up,abdominal muscle endurance,hand reaction time,standing long jump,25*6 round-trip runs,40-m backward slide,4 turn back slides from the middle line to the blue line,5 laps of figure-8 slides are the key indicators.