负向构造区油气成藏理论认识与勘探实践

Theoretical understanding of oil and gas accumulation in negative tectonic area and exploration practice

负向构造区油气成藏理论认识是以“洼槽区岩性地层油气藏、深盆湖相页岩油、向斜区煤层气”三个成藏模式为基础,融合前人有关负向构造油气成藏研究理论成果,形成的负向构造区油气成藏机理与分布规律的系统知识体系,其核心观点是:①“从盆地中心向盆地边缘,油气藏横向有序成环形成分布圈,纵向依次成链形成放射状富集链”;②负向构造区由于构造背景的原因,导致其沉积特征、油气成藏条件、成藏机理与分布规律与正向构造区存在巨大差异;③深盆(深洼)—低斜坡以“原地留滞”为成藏机理,形成非常规油气分布环带(内环),中—高斜坡以“过路截流”为成藏机理,形成岩性地层油气藏分布环带(中环),而正向构造区则以高部位“汇流聚集”为成藏机理,形成构造油气藏分布环带(外环);④基于负向构造区油气成藏理论的勘探思路为“全域考虑,逐环深入;优选通道,顺藤摸瓜”。负向构造区油气成藏理论有效指导了冀中、黄骅坳陷的斜坡和深洼区一大批隐蔽油气藏和非常规油气藏的发现,丰富了现代油气成藏理论,对盆地负向构造区尤其是深层复杂隐蔽油气藏、非常规油气藏的勘探有重要的现实意义。

A negative tectonic area refers to the relatively lower tectonic area from slope to deep depression in a basin. The theoretical understanding of oil and gas accumulation in the negative tectonic area is based on three accumulation models of “lithologic and stratigraphic reservoirs in the area of sag, lacustrine shale oil in deep depression, and coalbed methane in syncline area”. Integrating with previous studies on reservoirs in negative tectonic area, a systematic knowledge system of oil and gas accumulation mechanisms and distribution laws in negative tectonic areas has been formed. The key points are as follows:(1) From the center to the margin of basin, oil and gas reservoirs are distributed in a circular order in the transverse direction, and enrich radially along dominant petroleum migration pathways in the longitudinal direction.(2) Due to different tectonic backgrounds, the sedimentary characteristics, hydrocarbon accumulation conditions, accumulation mechanism and distribution laws of negative tectonic area are greatly different from those of the positive tectonic area.(3) In deep depression and low slope, in situ hydrocarbon accumulation is dominant, and unconventional oil and gas distribution ring(inner ring) is formed. On medium and high slopes, passing oil and gas are captured, and lithologic and stratigraphic oil and gas distribution ring(central ring) is formed. While in positive tectonic area, oil and gas accumulate in high locations, and tectonic oil and gas distribution ring(outer ring) is developed.(4) An exploration idea based on the theory of oil and gas accumulation in negative tectonic area was proposed as follows. The target area should be integrately considered and exploration should be carried out from ring to ring. Migration pathways must be reguarded as a clue to seize oil and gas targets. The theory of oil and gas accumulation in negative tectonic area has effectively guided the discovery of a large number of subtle and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in the slopes and deep sags of Jizhong and Huanghua depressions, and enriched the modern theory of oil and gas accumulation. It has an important practical guiding value for the exploration of deep complex subtle reservoirs and unconventional reservoirs in the negative tectonic area of basins.