清明节哀伤的心理意义及特点的探索性研究

An Exploratory Study on the Characteristics of Qingming Festival and its Psychological Meaning of Grief

目的:探索将清明节作为公共节日以及节日中扫墓与踏青相结合的特点体现出的哀伤的心理意义,以期在理解和借鉴传统文化对哀伤的影响与作用方面有所拓展。方法:根据目的抽样和方便抽样相结合原则,通过公开招募和邀请的方式选取15位清明节传统的实践者,运用质性研究方法对研究对象进行深度访谈,对逐字转录所获得的访谈资料运用主题分析法进行分析。结果:清明节通过持续性联结的方式疗愈哀伤,体现在丧亲者与逝者持续性、规律性的联结,通过家族血脉相连、融入集体的方式消解了孤独感;清明节哀伤的情感表达具有双向性,体现在"高调"的仪式感、淡淡的哀伤、情感宣泄表达后获得疗愈;清明节象征的生命意义体现在清明节象征着新生命的萌发,未来是充满希望的,促使丧亲者积极地应对哀伤。结论:清明节作为公共节日,具有将扫墓与踏青相结合的节日特点,对丧亲者哀伤过程具有特殊的心理意义,体现了中国传统文化对哀伤的影响与作用。

Objective: To explore the psychological meanings of grief embodied in Qingming Festival as a public festival and in the characteristics of the combination of tomb sweeping and outing so as to expand the understanding and reference of the influence and role of traditional culture on grief.Methods: There were 15 practitioners of Qingming Festival that were selected, and qualitative research method was used to conduct in-depth interviews with the research objects. The interview data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by thematic analysis.Results: First, Qingming Festival heals grief through continuous connection, that is embodied in the continuous and regular connection between the bereaved and the deceased, and the sense of loneliness is dispelled through the blood connection with family and the integration into the collective. Second, emotion expression in Qingming Festival is bidirectional, that is embodied in the "high-profile" sense of ceremony, light sorrow, and the healing after emotional catharsis. Third, the meaning of life that Qingming festival symbolizes is embodied in the symbolism of beginning of a new life in Qingming festival and of a hopeful future ahead, urging the bereaved to deal with grief actively.Conclusions: Qingming Festival, which is a public festival and characterized by the combination of tomb sweeping and outing, has a special psychological meaning to the grieving process of the bereaved, reflecting the influence and role of traditional Chinese culture on grief.