《大千居士六十寿诗》对《南山诗》的承与变

The Inheritance and Innovation of A Tribute Poem for Zhang Daqian’s Sixtieth Birthday from Poem of the Southern Mountains

韩愈《南山诗》以其不拘一格之个性突破诗歌“温柔敦厚”的传统审美特质而成唐诗特出之作,其峻拔奇伟、秀丽清美两兼的庞大意象群,在诗人高旷豪迈的气度和极尽铺排的赋家笔法下参与诗篇整体风格的塑造,丰富了诗篇的审美内蕴。时隔千年,饶宗颐先生追和《南山诗》,步其一百又二韵成《大千居士六十寿诗》,在诗歌体式、用韵、赋法铺排之技巧及精神气度方面对韩诗有所承继,但又不尽相同。饶诗语言不似《南山诗》之生涩怪奇和节奏密集,而以平易疏朗出之;在诗歌形式上,饶诗较之韩诗的特出之处在诗歌主体之外的带有学术性质的小序;诗法技巧方面,《南山诗》在长篇铺排摹写南山状貌之后集中性地进行议论和颂赞,饶诗亦乃“以文为诗”,但叙写中间间发议论,属夹叙夹议。总体观之,饶诗在承继韩诗的基础之上亦实现了自身的创变。

Han Yu’s Poem of the Southern Mountains was a masterpiece of Tang poetry in that it broke through the traditional aesthetic characteristic of“gentleness and honesty”with its unconven⁃tional individuality.The poem’s huge group of images,which was majestic and magnificent,participat⁃ed in the shaping of the overall style of the poem under the lofty and heroic bearing of the poet and the extreme arrangement of Fu style,and enriched the aesthetic connotation of the poem.A thousand years later,Jao Tsung-I followed up the Poem of the Southern Mountains and created A Tribute Poem for Zhang Daqian’s Sixtieth Birthday with one hundred and two rhymes,which inherited Han’s poem in terms of poetic style,rhyme,arrangement of writing techniques and spiritual bearing,but the two poems were not exactly the same.The simple and clear language of Jao’s poem was different from the strange and rhythmic language of the Poem of the Southern Mountains.In terms of poetic form,Jao’s poem was distinctive from Han’s poem in that the former had a small preface of academic na⁃ture outside the main body of the poem.In terms of poetic techniques,Poem of the Southern Moun⁃tains focused on discussion and praise after a lengthy description of the landscape of the Southern Mountains,and Jao’s poem was also“a poem based on prose”,but the discussion in the middle of the narration is a mixture of narration and discussion.On the whole,Jao’s poem has achieved its own innovation on the basis of inheriting Han’s poem.