试论“五四”时期散文诗译介与中国散文诗的生成

On the Translation of Prose Poetry and the Generation of Chinese Prose Poetry during the May Fourth Period

中国散文诗诞生于“五四”时期,散文诗在中国发生的助推力之一是中国诗人、作家对外国散文诗的译介。译介带给中国诗人、作家对散文诗在多种层面上的认识与理解,为他们创作散文诗提供了丰富的范式。“五四”时期,大多的散文诗译者同时也是散文诗的创作者,通过译介时对散文诗的阅读与感悟,中国诗人、作家创作出了具有深刻哲理的散文诗。他们受到不止一位外国散文诗作家的影响,有对波德莱尔诗中的象征手法的借鉴、对屠格涅夫作品中现实主义和启蒙思想的承传、对泰戈尔诗中的拟人形象与表达“爱”的技艺的学习、以及对王尔德作品清新典丽的唯美文风的欣赏等等。中国散文诗在学习借鉴外国散文诗的过程中也形成了自己独特的诗风,投射出了中国社会的百态,体现了诗人内心意识的流露与情感的回响。

Chinese prose poetry was born during the May Fourth period.One of the driving forc⁃es behind the emergence of prose poetry in China was the translation of foreign prose poetry by Chi⁃nese poets and writers.The translation of prose poetry helped Chinese poets and writers to cognize and understand prose poetry at various levels,and provided them with rich paradigms for creating prose poetry.During the May Fourth period,most translators of prose poetry were also the creators of prose poetry.Through the reading and understanding of prose poetry during the process of translation,Chinese poets and writers created prose poetry with profound philosophy.The influences exerted on them by more than one foreign writer of prose poetry included the reference of symbolic techniques in Baudelaire’s poems,the inheritance of realism and enlightenment in Turgenev’s works,the study of anthropomorphic images and the art of expressing“love”in Tagore’s poems,and the appreciation of the fresh and classic aesthetic style of Wilde’s works.In the process of learning from foreign prose poetry,Chinese prose poetry has also developed its own unique poetic style,which reflects the vari⁃ous realities of Chinese society,the revelation of the poet’s inner consciousness and the echo of their emotions.