我国主要蔬菜的养分吸收和需求特征

Characteristics of Major Chinese Vegetables in Nutrient Uptake and Requirement

研究我国主要蔬菜养分需求对建立蔬菜推荐施肥新方法至关重要。本文采用文献检索和实地调查采样、测定相结合的方法,依据QUEFTS模型分析了露地白菜、露地萝卜、设施番茄和露地大葱产量与养分吸收之间的关系,获得养分吸收最佳曲线,估算单位蔬菜产量的养分最佳需求量。结果表明,4种蔬菜的产量、养分吸收量和养分内效率(IE)变异很大。白菜平均产量为84.3 t·hm^(-2)(n=2758),地上部N、P、K养分累积量分别为176.4、33.6、208.4 kg·hm^(-2),IE值分别为539.3、2901.6、458.2 kg·kg^(-1),生产1 t白菜N、P、K最佳需求量分别为1.96、0.41、2.39 kg;萝卜肉质根平均产量为63.5 t·hm^(-2)(n=2288),N、P、K养分吸收量分别为155.4、30.9、217.9 kg·hm^(-2),IE值分别为455.0、2328.7、361.9 kg·kg^(-1),生产1 t萝卜肉质根N、P、K最佳需求量分别为2.2、0.4、2.6 kg;设施番茄平均产量为85.0 t·hm^(-2)(n=703),N、P、K养分吸收量分别为213.5、55.1、352.1 kg·hm^(-2),IE值分别为458.2、1941.5、287.9 kg·kg^(-1),生产1 t设施番茄果实N、P、K最佳需求量分别为2.19、0.56、3.36 kg;大葱平均经济产量为60.4 t·hm^(-2)(n=976),N、P、K养分吸收量分别为128.8、18.9、117.7 kg·hm^(-2),IE值分别为503.7、3368.7、593.3 k·kg^(-1),生产1 t大葱N、P、K最佳需求量分别为1.92、0.28、1.69 kg。

It is of significant importance to study the nutrient requirements of main Chinese vegetables for establishing a new method of recommending vegetables fertilization.Adopting the method of combining information retrieval,field investigation,sampling,measuring;and according to QUEFTS model,this paper analyzed the relation between the yields of open field Chinese cabbage,radish,greenhouse tomato,open field scallion,and their nutrient uptakes;obtained the optimum nutrient uptake curve and estimated the best nutrient requirement amount for producing 1 unit of vegetable yield.Results showed that there were great variations in yield,nutrient uptake amount and nutrient internal efficiency(IE)of 4 kinds vegetables.For Chinese cabbage,the average yield was 84.3 t·hm^(-2)(n=2758),above ground N,P and K nutrient accumulation amounts were 176.4,33.6 and 208.4 kg·hm^(-2),respectively;IE value were 539.32,2901.6 and 458.23 kg·kg^(-1),respectively.The best N,P and K requirements quantities for producing 1 t of Chinese cabbage was 1.96 kg N,0.41 kg P and 2.39 kg K.The average fleshy root yield was 63.5 t·hm^(-2)(n=2288).The N,P and K accumulation quantities were 155.4,30.9 and 217.9 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.The IE value were 455.0,2328.7 and 361.9 kg·kg^(-1),respectively.The best N,P and K requirement quantities for producing 1 t of radish fleshy roots were 2.2 kg N,0.4 kg P and 2.6 kg K,respectively.The average facility tomato yield was 85.0 t·hm^(-2)(n=703).The N,P and K accumulation amount were 213.5,55.1 and 352.1 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.The IE value were 458.2,1941.5,287.9 kg·kg^(-1),respectively.The best N,P and K requirement quantities for producing 1 t of facility tomato fruits were 2.19 kg N,0.56 kg P,3.36 kg K,respectively.The average economic yield of scallion was 60.4 t·hm^(-2)(n=976).The N,P and K accumulation quantities were 128.8,18.9 and 117.7 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.The IE value were 503.7,3368.7 and 593.3 kg·kg^(-1),respectively.The best N,P and K requirement quantities for producing 1 t of scallion were 1.92 kg N,0.28 kg P and 1.69 kg K,respectively.