英美主流媒体东京奥运会涉华报道中的中国形象探析——基于语料库的批判性话语分析

China’s National Image in British and American Mainstream Media’s China-related Reports During the Tokyo Olympics——A Corpus-based Critical Discourse Analysis

为探究英美主流媒体东京奥运会涉华报道所呈现的中国国家形象,本文采用费尔克劳的三维话语分析框架,自建英美主流媒体东京奥运会涉华报道的语料库,对所呈现的中国国家形象进行分析。结果发现,中国被呈现成一个重视奥运、有着强烈的民族骄傲和极端民族主义色彩鲜明的民族形象;被歪曲成一个饱受诸多领土争议的困扰的国家形象;被捏造成一个人民受压迫、饱受人权问题困扰的政府形象;被片面比喻为“流水线”的国家体育系统形象。从社会、政治和文化的角度看,这种偏见性报道的原因在于中国的强劲发展与西方颓势的对比、欧美霸权主义思想、欧美国家的“种族优越感”。本文通过研究英美主流媒体东京奥运会期间的涉华报道所呈现的国家形象,为制定体育外宣政策、树立有利于中国发展的国际形象提供一定的参考决策。

This paper adopts Fairclough’s three-dimensional discourse analysis framework,builds a small corpus of British and American mainstream media reports on the Tokyo Olympics involving China,and analyzes the presented national image of China.The results reveals that China is presented as a country that attaches importance to the Olympics,has strong national pride and strong extreme nationalist tendency;is distorted as a country plagued by many territorial disputes;is fabricated as a government image whose people are oppressed and plagued by human rights issues;and its national sports system deliberately satirized as an“assembly line”image.An analysis of the reasons behind the social,political,and cultural aspects of this biased coverage suggests that it is due to the contrast between China’s strong development and the West’s decline,the hegemonic ideology of Europe and America,and the“racial superiority”of European and American countries.By studying the national image presented by the mainstream media in Britain and the United States during the Tokyo Olympics,this paper provides some reference decisions for the formulation of sports outreach policies and the establishment of an international image favorable to China’s development.