中国原始创新人才成长路径研究--基于《自然》《科学》论文作者的分析

The Growth Path of Chinese Original Innovative Talents--Evidence from Authors of Nature or Science Publications

提高中国原始性创新能力、完善原始创新人力资本建设是中国科技自立自强的重要基石。本研究基于《自然》《科学》论文的167位中国大陆学者履历数据及其1.5万余条历史发表记录,使用文献计量、履历分析和统计分析方法,对我国在世界顶级期刊发表者的成长路径进行探究。研究发现:样本中46.1%的创新人才在学术年龄不超过5年时就发表其首篇《自然》或《科学》论文(不考虑署名顺序)。不同年龄段研究者所受教育与学术训练存在“世代效应”,无境外学术背景的原始创新学者首发《自然》或《科学》文章相对更早。对于样本中署名为通信作者且有境外研究经历的创新人才,他们在采样期前后始终有高质量研究产出。在从事研究工作20年后(45岁左右),原创性人才逐渐进入学术成熟期。依托研究结论,本文提出促进我国原始创新能力提升、完善创新人才培养与评价机制的相关政策建议。

Upgrading original innovation ability and constructing human capital is the foundation of Chinese S&T self-reliance.Based on the vitae of 167 scholars from China's Mainland who have published Nature or Science papers and their more than 15,000 publication records,this study explores the growth path of Chinese top researchers.Through a combination of bibliometrics,vitae analysis and statistical analysis,we found that 46.1%scholars published their first Nature or Science paper in less than 5 years of research.There is a“generation effect”in the education and academic training of researchers of different ages.Scholars without overseas experience tend to publish their top journal articles earlier.However,scholars who are signed as corresponding authors and have overseas research experience always show a strong level of high-level paper output.Scholars generally gradually enter the academic maturity stage after 20 years of research work(around the age of 45).Suggestions to promote the improvement of China's original innovation ability and improve the training and evaluation mechanism of innovation talents are proposed in the end.