风险情景下人工智能技术信任机制建构与解析

Construction and Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Technology Trust Mechanism Under Risk Scenarios

人工智能在创造巨大经济价值、引领产业变革同时也引发众多风险。从信任角度看,诸多风险问题都与技术信任密切相关,且风险情景下技术信任更加复杂并充满挑战。本文梳理提炼既有技术信任文献,从主导范式、能动主体、核心愿景、规制体系4个维度构建人工智能技术信任机制模型。研究发现:责任式创新能够为风险情景下的技术信任提供方向指示和行为准则并成为主导范式;技术信任核心愿景包括技术可用性、可靠性、可知性、可控性和可追责;技术信任机制建立需政府、行业组织、企业等主体共同参与;以法律为保障的风险防控体系和以伦理为导向的社会规范体系成为技术信任规制体系两大支柱。技术信任机制运行可概述为在责任式创新范式指引下,能动主体通过多元化协同塑造值得信赖的治理群落,核心愿景通过相互联结形成安全负责的技术体系,规制体系通过彼此融合提供刚柔并济的环境保障。

While artificial intelligence(AI)creates huge economic value and widely leads industrial transformation,it also triggers many risks.From the perspective of trust,many risk issues are closely related to technology trust,and technology trust under risk scenarios is more complicated and full of challenges.Based on combing and refining existing technical trust literature,this paper constructs a model of AI technology trust mechanism from four dimensions named as paradigm,active subject,core vision,and regulatory system.The research found the followings.Responsible innovation can provide direction and code of conduct for technology trust in risk scenarios,and become dominant paradigm of technological trust.Technology trust core vision includes technical availability,reliability,comprehensibility,controllability and accountability.Technological trust requires the participation of national governments,industry organizations,enterprises,academia,and the public.The risk prevention and control system guaranteed by law and the social norm system oriented by ethics have become the two pillars of the technology trust regulatory system.The operation of the technology trust mechanism can be summarized as follows.Under the guidance of the responsible innovation paradigm,the active entities shape a trustworthy governance community through diversification and coordination.The core vision is connected to each other to form a safe and responsible technical system.The regulatory system provides rigid and flexible environmental protection through integration with each other.