2015-2019年北京市房山区哨点医院急性呼吸道感染疾病流行特征及影响因素分析

Epidemiological characteristics and related factors of respiratory infection in fangshan district of Beijing from 2015 to 2019

目的分析2015—2019年北京市房山区急性呼吸道感染流行特征及影响因素,为呼吸道传染病防控提供科学依据。方法以2015—2019年在北京市房山区良乡医院就诊的急性上呼吸道感染、肺炎、重症肺炎病例为研究对象,收集基本信息,并采集咽拭子或痰标本进行9种常见呼吸道病毒的检测。按照是否检出病毒阳性进行分组,分析两组病例的人口学基本信息及流行病学特征,并对其进行多因素分析。结果 1 264例病例中,检出至少1种病毒阳性病例414例,阳性率为32.8%。不同年龄组间病毒检出阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒在冬季检出阳性率较高;流感病毒、副流感病毒在春季检出率较高;副流感病毒、肠道病毒在夏季检出率较高;肠道病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、人鼻病毒在秋季检出率较高。多因素分析结果显示,冬季发病及25岁以下年龄组,增大了患者感染呼吸道病毒的可能性。结论25岁以下年龄组是呼吸道病毒感染的重点防控人群,呼吸道病毒有季节性流行特征,冬春季发病风险大。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological Characteristics and related factors of respiratory infection in Fangshan District of Beiing. Methods From 2015 to 2019, patients who diagnosed as acute respiratory infection, pneumonia and severe pneumonia in Liangxiang hospital were included.Respiratory samples of the patients were tested for IFVs, RSV, PIVs, EVs, HRVs, ADVs,HCoVs,HMPV and HBoV. Patients were grouped based on whether the virus was positive or not.Then,the basic demographic information and epidemiological characteristics of the two groups were analyzed, and multi-factor analysis was performed. Results Of 1 264 patients, 414(32.8%) were detected positive at least one virus. The difference of positive rate between different age groups is statistically significant. The positive rates of IFVs and RSV were higher in winter, whereas the positive rates of IFVs and PIVs were higher in spring. The detection rates of EVs and PIVs were higher in summer, whereas the detection rates EVs, RSV and HRVs were higher in autumn.Multifactor analysis results showed that winter onset and age under 25 years increased the likelihood of infection with respiratory viruses. Conclusions The age group of under 25 years is the key population for prevention and control of respiratory infection. Respiratory viruses have seasonal epidemic characteristics. Winter and spring onset and younger age groups were associated with the risk of respiratory infections.