2018年四川省贫困县区居民健康素养监测结果分析

Surveillance results of health literacy among residents in impoverished poor areas of Sichuan province in 2018

目的掌握四川省贫困地区居民的健康素养现况及其影响因素,为贫困地区居民健康素养的提升及健康扶贫工作的落实提供科学依据。方法采用分层多阶段、PPS、方便抽样相结合的方法,2018年在四川省88个贫困县区抽取18个县,对非集体居住的15~69岁常住人口进行健康素养问卷调查。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行t检验和单因素ANOVA分析,校验水准α=0.05。结果共调查四川省贫困地区5 797名居民,经过加权调整后,2018年四川省贫困地区居民具备健康素养的比例是1.5%;健康素养得分为(21.76±9.66)分,不同性别(t=4.221,P<0.001)、民族(t=18.900,P<0.001)、年龄组(F=2.952,P=0.012)、文化程度(F=10.941,P<0.001)、职业(F=3.152,P=0.001)、家庭常住人口数(F=3.232,P=0.040)、家庭人均年收入(F=4.581,P=0.003)的居民健康素养得分的差异具有统计学意义;具备基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能3个维度健康素养的比例分别是9.2%、13.7%和5.8%。结论 2018年四川省贫困地区居民健康素养水平较低,健康素养水平在不同人群特征的居民中表现出差异,应结合健康扶贫相关政策,加大健康教育工作力度,进一步提高贫困地区居民健康知识知晓率,健康技能掌握率和健康行为形成率,并针对健康知识、健康技能的掌握环节进行重点干预。

Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of health literacy among residents in impoverished areas of Sichuan Province so as to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of the health literacy of residents and the implementation of health poverty alleviation in impoverished areas. Methods By using a stratified multi-stage, PPS and convenient sampling method,18 counties were selected from 88 impoverished areas in Sichuan Province in 2018. Noncollective permanent residents aged from 15 to 69 years in selected areas were asked to fill out a health literacy questionnaire. SPSS 20.0 software was used for t test and one-way ANOVA analysis,and the significance level was set as α =0.05. Results A total of 5 797 residents in impoverished areas in Sichuan Province were investigated. After weighted,the proportion of residents with health literacy in impoverished areas in Sichuan province was 1.5% in 2018. The scores of health literacy were 21.76±9.66. There was significant difference in health literacy scores of residents in poor areas with different sex(t=4.221, P<0.001), nationality(t=18.900, P<0.001), age(F=2.952, P=0.012), educational level(F=10.941, P<0.001), occupation(F=3.152, P=0.001), number of permanent residents(F=3.232, P=0.040) and per capita annual income(F=4.581, P=0.003).The proportion of individuals having basic knowledge and idea, healthy lifestyle and behaviors,healthy skills were 9.2%, 13.7% and 5.8%, respectively. Conclusions In 2018, the health literacy level of the residents is relatively low in the poor areas in Sichuan Province, and the level of health literacy was different among residents with different population characteristics. Health education and promotion should be strengthened in combination with health poverty alleviation policies to improve the awareness rate of health knowledge, health skills and health behavior formation rate of residents in poor areas. Furthermore,the intervention should focused on improving the mastery of health knowledge and health skills.