贵州辣椒生物效应及肥料利用率对稳定性肥料施用量的响应

Response of Biological Effect and Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency of Pepper to Stable Fertilizer Application Rate in Guizhou Province

以稳定性肥料和辣椒为试材,采用大田试验,研究了不同稳定性肥料施用量对贵州辣椒产量、品质、养分积累、肥料利用率和经济效益的影响,以期为稳定性肥料在贵州黄壤区辣椒栽培种植中的科学施用和推广提供参考依据。结果表明:与常规施肥(FP)处理相比,施用稳定性肥料可以显著提高辣椒产量,其中鲜椒增产25.41%~29.10%,干椒增产2.52%~11.65%;施用稳定性肥料使辣椒果实中的硝酸盐含量降低了1.21%~12.60%,还原糖和游离氨基酸含量分别提高了7.10%~15.31%和0.53%~4.09%,同时SF2处理下维生素C含量较FP处理提高了4.13%;与FP处理相比,施用稳定性肥料可以提高氮、磷、钾肥的农学效率,而且可以使氮、磷、钾的表观利用率分别提高13.42~22.75、6.99~11.77、13.71~30.79个百分点,以SF2处理最高;此外,施用稳定性肥料后,辣椒纯收入提高了17.18%~33.03%。综合来看,稳定性肥料可以实现贵州辣椒增产提质和收益增收,该试验条件下推荐SF2(1500kg·hm^(-2))作为贵州黄壤区辣椒种植的最佳施用量。

Taking stable fertilizers and chili peppers as test materials.A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different application rates of stable fertilizer on yield, quality, nutrient accumulation, fertilizer utilization rate and economic benefit of pepper, in order to provide a reference for the scientific application and promotion of stable fertilizer in pepper cultivation in yellow soil area of Guizhou.The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization(FP) treatment, the application of stable fertilizer increased the yield of pepper, in which the yield of fresh pepper increased by 25.41%-29.10%,the yield of dry pepper increased by 2.52%-11.65%.The application of stable fertilizer reduced the nitrate content in pepper fruits by 1.21%-12.60%,and increased reducing sugar and free amino acid content by 7.10%-15.31% and 0.53%-4.09%,respectively, while vitamin C content in SF2 treatment increased by 4.13% compared to FP treatment.Compared with the FP treatment, the application of stable fertilizer improved the agronomic efficiency of fertilizer, and increased the recovery efficiency of N,P,and K by 13.42-22.75,6.99-11.77 and 13.71-30.79 percentage points, respectively, with the SF2 treatment being the highest.In addition, the net income of pepper after stable fertilizer application increased by 17.18%-33.03%.In conclusion, stable fertilizer can increase yield, quality and income of pepper in Guizhou Province.SF2(1 500 kg·hm^(-1)) was recommended as the best fertilizer for pepper planting in yellow soil area of Guizhou Province.