论傅斯年对史学客观性的认识

Fu Sinian’s Understanding of the Objectivity of Historiography

傅斯年在《历史语言研究所工作之旨趣》中所揭橥的客观主义史学理想,实际上可以溯源到更早的北大求学时期,其思想在之后留欧期间受西学影响而继续酝酿发展,最终于1928年形成体系随《旨趣》的发表而公之于世,此后追求史学客观性之信念亦屡经傅氏重申。在学术思潮面临中西、新旧交替之际,傅斯年引兰克史学为同道,实乃深思熟虑之后主动选择的结果。然而,由于"历史事实"在现实中逝而不返,使得直观勘验史学文本客观与否成为奢望。以傅斯年为代表的史家,只能转而借助主体思维克制主观性因素以期实现客观信史之重建。而傅斯年史学理论体系中的此种矛盾与困境,不仅使其思想呈现出一种难以弥合的紧张面相,且促使了傅氏对其客观主义史学理论的思考与调适,甚至引起了他对史学主观因素的疑惑,但傅氏本人自始至终都没有放弃过对历史学客观之真的追求信念。

Fu Sinian’s objectivist historiographical ideas in The Purpose of the Work of the Research Institute of History and Linguistics, in fact, can be traced back to the earlier period of his studying at Peking University. His ideology continue to brew in the subsequent period of studying in Europe by the Western influence, and finally formed a system with The Purpose published in 1928. Since then, the pursuit of objectivity in historiography has been repeated by Fu.When the academic trend of thought was faced with the alternation of the East and the West, the old and the new, Fu Sinian believed the historiography of Ranke being on the same wavelength, which was his active choice after careful consideration.However, due to the fact that “historical facts” are gone in reality, it is impossible to examine the reality of historical texts directly.Historians typified by Fu Sinian could only turn to restrain elements of subjectivily in thinking in order to reconstruct objective history.This dilemma in Fu’s historiographical theory not only made his thought present a tension which was difficult to bridge, but also promoted Fu’s rethinking and adjustment of his objectivist historiography theory, and even caused him to doubt the subjective elements of historiography. However, Fu never gave up his belief in the objective truth of history.