可行能力提升视域下我国城镇相对贫困的识别标准与治理路径

Identification Criteria and Governance Path of Relative Poverty in Urban China from the Perspective of Capability Improvement

在新型城镇化与城镇结构转型深入推进的背景下,城镇相对贫困的隐患日渐显现。现阶段我国缓解城镇相对贫困面临识别标准缺失与治理体系缺位两大现实困境。基于阿玛蒂亚·森的可行能力理论,构建包含收入与福利维度的经济条件、政治权益、社会机会、防护性保障及透明性保证共15项指标的城镇多维相对贫困指标体系,旨在为精准识别我国城镇相对贫困群体提供标尺。以提升个体可行能力为主要内容的协同治理体系包括以下几个方面的内容:以国家为主导,提供提升个体可行能力的制度性保障;以个体为核心,培育个体的内生可行能力;以市场为媒介,提升重新赋予个体可行能力的效率;以社会为依托,拓宽提升个体可行能力的渠道。在消除绝对贫困的新时期,应据此形成缓解我国城镇相对贫困的治理路径。

Under the background of new urbanization and urban structural transformation,the hidden danger of urban relative poverty is increasingly emerging.At the present stage,China’s alleviation of urban relative poverty is facing two practical dilemmas:the lack of identification standards and the absence of governance system.Based on Amartya Sen’s capability approach,this paper constructs a multidimensional urban relative poverty index system,which includes 15 indicators such as economic conditions,political rights,social opportunities,protective security and transparency assurance,so as to provide a yardstick for accurate identification of urban relative poverty groups in China.The collaborative governance system that focuses on capability improving includes the following aspects:with the state taking the lead in providing the institutional guarantee for improving the individual capability;with the individuals as the core in cultivating their endogenous capability;with the market as the medium in improving the efficiency of reendowing individual capability;with the society as the support in broadening the channels for individual capability improving.In the new era of eradicating absolute poverty,a new approach based on the above system to alleviating the relative poverty in urban China should be formed.