青藏高原多圈层地气相互作用过程研究进展和回顾

The Review of the Observation Experiments on Land-Atmosphere Interaction Progress on the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan)Plateau

青藏高原高大的地形条件,使得其具有十分显著的动力作用和热力作用,这导致高原地表与大气之间的相互作用和大气边界层发展过程对高原及周边地区的天气过程和气候变化的影响至关重要。自20世纪60年代,特别是1979年以来,人们先后开展了"第一次青藏高原气象科学试验(QXPMEX)"、"第二次青藏高原大气科学试验(TIPEX-Ⅱ)"、"全球能量水循环亚洲季风青藏高原试验研究(GAME/Tibet)"、"全球协调加强观测计划亚澳季风之青藏高原试验(CAMP/Tibet)"、"青藏高原观测研究平台"(TORP)及"第三次青藏高原大气科学试验(TIPEX-Ⅲ)"等观测研究项目,地气相互作用过程以及大气边界层过程的观测分析、数值模拟及卫星遥感应用研究都是其中最重要的研究内容。本文以地气相互作用研究为主线,回顾了40年来历次重大青藏高原大气科学试验,系统归纳总结了陆面过程和大气边界层过程观测试验,分别从地气相互作用过程观测研究、大气边界层过程观测研究、地面和大气热源观测与估算研究、地表蒸散发遥感估算研究以及地气相互作用过程数值模拟研究等方向,对相关研究成果进行了简要的归纳梳理,并且针对野外观测、资料分析以及模式发展方面存在的不足进行了讨论,同时对青藏高原地气相互作用研究在这几个方面未来的发展进行了展望。

Featured with high topography,the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan)Plateau(QXP)shows very significant dynamic and efficient thermal effects,and the land-atmosphere interaction and the atmospheric boundary layer processes are very important for the weather development and climate change over the QXP and its surrounding regions. Since the 1960 s,especially after 1979,a series of observation and research programs have been conducted,including "the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Meteorological Science Experiment(QXPMEX)", " The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Experiment(TIPEX-Ⅱ)", "the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment(GEWEX),the Asian Monsoon Experiment on the Tibetan Plateau(GAME/Tibet)", "the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period(CEOP)Asia-Australia Monsoon Project on the Tibetan Plateau(CAMP/Tibet)", "the Tibetan Observation and Research Platform(TORP)",and "The Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Scientific Experiment(TIPEX-Ⅲ)",where the observation analysis,numerical simulation and satellite application of the land-atmosphere interaction and the atmospheric boundary layer processes are the most important contents. Here,we reviewed the major atmospheric scientific experiments over the QXP in the past 40 years and summarized the observation experiments of the land-atmosphere interaction and the atmospheric boundary layer processes systematically. The relevant results are briefly summarized in 5 aspects,including the land-atmosphere interaction process,the atmospheric boundary layer process,the surface and atmospheric heat sources,satellite application of land evapotranspiration,numerical simulation of land surface processes.