1992-2019年长春市多年降雨量和蒸发量变化特征分析

Analysis on the Variation Characteristics of Perennial Rainfall and Evaporation in Changchun City from 1992 to 2019

根据1992-2019年长春市年降雨量和蒸发量资料,采用线性趋势法、滑动平均法、Mann-Kendall检验法等方法,分析长春市年降雨量和年蒸发量的变化趋势。结果表明,长春市在2013-2019年平均降雨量最多,在1992-1998年平均蒸发量最多,但随着时间的增加降雨量和蒸发量的年代际变化差异在减少。长春市年降雨量呈上升趋势,上升速率为6.8055 mm/a,但上升趋势不显著,发生突变的时间范围为2007-2015年;在28年降雨量距平基本呈正负交替出现,正负距平以2004年为界限年。长春市年蒸发量变化波动较大,呈下降趋势,下降速率为45.549 mm/a,下降趋势显著,发生突变的时间范围为2003-2004年;在2001年之前年蒸发量距平以正距平为主,蒸发量偏大,2001年之后以负距平为主,蒸发量偏小。

Based on the data of annual precipitation and evaporation in Changchun from 1992 to 2019,the linear trend method,the moving average method and the Mann-Kendall test method were used to analyze the change trend of annual precipitation and evaporation in Changchun.The results show that Changchun has the highest average rainfall from 2013 to 2019,and the highest average evaporation from 1992 to 1998,but the chronological variation difference of precipitation and evaporation decreases with the increase of time.The annual rainfall in Changchun showed an increasing trend with an increasing rate of 6.8055 mm/a,but the increasing trend was not significant.The time range of abrupt change was from 2007 to 2015.In 28 years,the rainfall anomaly is basically positive and negative alternately,and the positive and negative anomaly takes 2004 as the limit year.The annual evaporation in Changchun fluctuated greatly and showed a decreasing trend,and the decreasing rate was 45.549 mm/a,which showed a significant decreasing trend.The abrupt change occurred in 2003-2004.Before 2001,the annual evaporation anomaly was mainly positive and large,while after 2001,the annual evaporation anomaly was mainly negative and small.