云南野生茄科砧木资源农艺性状调查与4种土传病害抗病鉴定

Investigation on agronomic traits and identification of 4 soilborne diseases resistance of wild Solanaceae rootstock resources in Yunnan

【目的】调查统计云南野生茄科砧木资源的农艺性状,筛选具有抗番茄青枯病、溃疡病、枯萎病和茄子黄萎病的材料,为茄科抗病优良砧木的收集和利用提供理论依据。【方法】对云南野生茄科砧木进行主要农艺性状及田间常见病虫害调查,筛选出优良砧木,并与对照(自交系番茄5号)进行番茄青枯病、溃疡病、枯萎病和茄子黄萎病的抗性鉴定比较,利用主成分分析法及聚类热图对资源属间关系进行分析。【结果】根据形态特性及主成分分析、聚类分析结果,可将材料归属为茄科的3个属,其中茄属材料17份,皆为直立型,主茎颜色主要为绿色,株高为82.42~292.29 cm,叶型均为长卵圆形,叶色为绿色和深绿色,花冠颜色以白色为主,果面皆有光泽,果色多数为橘红色,单果重在1.61~433.54 g;番茄属材料7份,生长习性以无限生长型为主,株型以半蔓性为主,叶片类型有普通叶型、复细叶型和薯叶型,叶片均为羽状复叶,花序类型为单式花序,花色皆为黄色,果实以中果型为主,果形有圆形、扁圆形和长圆形;辣椒属材料5份,株型有半直立型和直立型,主茎颜色绿色为主,叶形以长卵圆形为主,花冠颜色皆为白色,成熟果色红色,果面光滑有光泽,果顶形状以钝圆形为主。主成分分析得出前3个主成分能反映所测15项农艺性状的绝大部分信息,累积贡献率为82.758%。所有材料中7份抗病性、生长势、适应性均较好,且在相近苗期,砧木与接穗茎的粗度一致,茎叶无皮刺;5份具有优良的果实性状。7份优良材料中,对青枯病表现免疫的3份,高抗2份;对溃疡病免疫的2份,高抗资源3份;对枯萎病没有表现免疫和高抗的资源,抗病2份;对茄子黄萎病免疫的3份,高抗1份;S-11免疫青枯病、溃疡病和黄萎病3种病害。【结论】29份野生茄科资源属于3个属,其中7份砧木材料表现优良,2份(S-7和S-11)免疫青枯病和溃疡病,1份(S-11)免疫番茄青枯病、溃疡病和黄萎病,可为茄科蔬菜抗性基因的开发利用提供材料,且部分茄科砧木资源具有应用于生产的价值。

【Objective】To investigate and analyze agronomic characters of Yunnan wild Solanaceae rootstocks,and the materials with resistance to tomato bacterial wilt,canker,fusarium wilt,and Verticillium dahlia of eggplant were screened to provide a theoretical basis for the collection and utilization of excellent disease-resistant rootstocks of Solanaceae.【Method】Taking 29 wild Solanaceae rootstocks in Yunnan as materials,the main agronomic traits and the common diseases and insect pests in the field were statistically evaluated. The comparison in tomato bacterial wilt,canker,fusarium wilt,and V. dahlia of eggplant resistance identification was conducted between excellent rootstock and control(inbred lines of tomato No.5),using the method of principal components analysis(PCA)and cluster heat maps to analyze research resources belong to the relationship between genera.【Result】According to the characteristics of morphology and PCA and cluster analysis results,these materials could be divided into three genera of Solanaceae. There were 17 Solanum resources and they were all upright type. The main stem color was green,the plant height was between 82.42-292.29 cm,the leaf type was ovoid,the dominant green leaves were green and dark green,the corolla color was mainly white,the fruit surface was shiny,the fruit color was mostly orange,and the single fruit weight was between 1.61-433.54 g.There were 7 Lycopersicon resources. The growth habits were mainly infinite growth type,the plant type was mainly semi-vine,the leaf types were common leaf type,complex fine leaf type,and potato leaf type,the leaves were all pinnately compound,the inflorescence type was all single inflorescence,the flower color was all yellow,the fruit was mainly medium fruit type,and the fruit shape was round,oblate and oblong. There were 5 Capsicum resources,they were semi-upright or upright types. The main stem was mainly green in color,the leaves were mainly oval,the corolla was white,the ripe fruit was red,the fruit surface was smooth and shiny,and the fruit tip was mainly blunt and round.The three principal components of principal component analysis could reflect most of the information about the 15 agronomic traits,and the cumulative contribution rate was 82.758%. All 7 of the materials had good disease resistance,growth potential,and adaptability. The thick stems were appropriate,stem leaves no prickle,5 materials had excellent fruit special characters.At the similar seedling stage,rootstock and scion stem had the same thickness,and there was no prickle in stem and leaves. Out of the 7 materials,3 resources were immune to bacterial wilting and 2 were highly resistant;2 were immune to the bacterial canker of tomato and 3 of them were high resistance resources;for tomato fusarium wilts,there were only 2 resources of resistance to all rootstocks and no resources of immunity and high resistance. Three samples were immune to V. dahlia,and one had high resistance. In all rootstocks,S-11 was immune to three diseases:tomato bacterial wilt,bacterial canker,and V. dahlia.【Conclusion】The 29 wild Solanaceae resources belong to 3 genera,of which 7 rootstock materials are excellent,S-7 and S-11 are immune to bacterial wilt and canker,and S-11 is immune to tomato bacterial wilt,canker and V. dahlia,which can provide materials for the development and utilization of resistance genes of Solanaceae vegetables,and some Solanaceae rootstock resources have the value of application in production.