中国共产党土地政策的百年演进与历史经验

The Centennial Evolution and Historical Experience of the Land Policy by the CPC

中国社会问题的本质是农民问题,而农民问题的核心则是土地问题。中国共产党土地政策百年变迁的历史彰显了农民问题、土地问题在中国革命、建设、改革中的重要地位。中国共产党从诞生时起就把解决农民的土地问题作为新民主主义革命的任务之一。无论是在社会主义革命、建设、改革时期,还是中国特色社会主义发展的新时代,农村土地政策始终是党的政策的重要内容。以毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛、习近平为主要代表的中国共产党人在马克思主义的指导下,把马克思主义土地法思想的基本原理与中国革命、建设、改革的具体实践相结合,形成了中国特色的土地法思想,制定了中国特色的农村土地政策,指导了中国农村土地法律制度的科学构建。中国共产党土地政策的百年变迁告诉我们,农村土地制度的制定必须从中国农村社会的实际情况出发,农村土地制度的改革与创新必须坚持中国共产党的领导,农村土地制度的改革应当以保护农民的土地权益为底线。

The social problems in China are in essence those concerning the peasants and the core of them is about the land.The 100-year change of the land policy by the CPC highlights the importance of the problems about the peasants and the land in the periods of revolution,construction and reformation.Since her birth,the CPC has regarded solving the land problems as one of the tasks of the new democratic revolution.Later in socialist revolution,construction,reformation and new era,the land policy in rural area has always been an important content of the Party’s policies.The Chinese Communists,represented by Mao Zedong,Deng Xiaoping,Jiang Zemin,Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping,under the guidance of Marxism,have combined the basic principle of Marxist land with the concrete practice of China in different periods,formulated the rural land policy with Chinese characteristics and directed the scientific construction of land legal system.The history tells us that the formulation of the rural land system must proceed from the actual situation of rural society.The reform and innovation of the rural land system must follow the leadership of the Communist Party of China and take the protection of the peasants’land rights and interests as the bottom line.