数字时代电子商务数据流通:合规方案、法律模式与规范路径

E-commerce Data Flow in the Digital Age:Compliance Plan,Legel Pattern,and Regulation Path

数字经济时代的相关研究不应仅局限于对电子商务数据权属的界定,更应关注数据流通。电子商务数据“生产-交易-共享”全流程均应在《中华人民共和国电子商务法》第69条确立的基本法律框架之内有序进行。在电子商务数据生产机制方面,为在充分发挥电子商务数据商业价值与人格利益保护之间形成平衡,应从数据收集、数据产生、数据分析等方面进行合规方案的设计,尤其需要根据数据主体关系的不同确定数据收集的不同合规方案。在电子商务数据交易机制方面,应明确电子商务数据交易本身具有合理性、合法性与可行性,电子商务数据所具有的非物权客体、非知识产权客体和非人格权客体的独特法律属性决定了其无法以所有权为中心建构交易模式。电子商务数据交易的实质是数据使用许可,可以参照专利实施许可制度构建电子商务数据使用许可制度。此外,在电子商务数据共享机制方面,既要充分意识到电子商务数据共享对行业发展的重大意义,亦需对构成商业秘密的电子商务数据向公共数据转换进行合理限制。基于此,电子商务数据共享应从单向数据共享模式转变为双向数据共享模式,实现电子商务数据与公共数据的双向互动。但是,构成商业秘密的电子商务数据不得直接向公共数据转换,政府对共享的电子商务数据负有安全保障义务。

Legal research in the era of digital economy should no longer be limited to the definition of e-commerce data ownership,but should also focus on data flow.The whole process of"production-transaction-sharing"of e-commerce data should be carried out legally and orderly within the basic legal framework established by Article 69 of the E-commerce Law.In the mechanism of e-commerce data production,in order to balance the relation between the commercial value of e-commerce data and the protection of personal interests,the compliance program should be designed from data collection,data generation and data analysis;and we should design different program for data collection according to different relation of data subjects.In the mechanism of e-commerce data transaction,it should be clear that e-commerce data transaction itself is reasonable,legal and feasible;and the unique legal attribute of e-commerce data determines that ownership cannot be the center of the transaction.The essence of e-commerce data transaction is data use license,which can be constructed with reference to the patent implementation license system.Besides,in the mechanism of e-commerce data sharing,it should be fully aware of its significance to the development of the industry;and at the same time,reasonable restrictions should be imposed on the conversion of e-commerce data constituting secrets to public data.Based on this,for e-commerce data sharing,we should transform the single-direction data sharing pattern to dual-direction data sharing pattern to realize the dual-direction interaction between e-commerce data and public data.But e-commerce data constituting secrets cannot be directly converted to public data,and the governments should shoulder the responsibility to guarantee the safety of e-commerce data.