试论戏剧教育的三种模式——兼谈普及戏剧教育面临的理念及实践问题

On Three Models of Drama Education:Theoretical and Practical Issues in the Popularization of Drama Lessons

历史上学校戏剧有"社团演戏"和"大家游戏"两种主要模式;前者历史悠久,有的戏还能服务社会,但仅少数精英参加;后者1960年代源于欧美,游戏式即兴表演让人人参与,但不是属于美育教育的戏剧。二者均未能在中小学普及戏剧课,需要来个否定之否定:演戏—游戏—再演戏。以前演戏的重心在于戏,新模式的重心在于演,让全体学生都能分组表演类似"练习曲"的小戏,通过创造性地诠释优质范本来学习当众表达、人际互动及团队合作。

In the history,there are two types of school drama lessons:"drama for associations" and "drama for all students as games".The former,which has a long history and has produced plays with an impact on the society,only targets elites;the latter,first appearing in Europe and the United States in the 1960 s as an improvisation game for everyone,does not aim at aesthetic education.Since the two types proved to be inadequate in the popularization of drama lessons in primary and secondary schools,a new type is created based on breaking the two mentioned above,which is a change "from acting,to game playing,to acting".In the past,it is the play itself that matters while now the focus has switched to acting which encourages students to act in short plays as an exercise.While experimenting with their own interpretation of demonstration drama in group works,students practice their ability to express themselves in the public and improve their interpersonal and teamwork skills.