澳大利亚生物多样性保护经验及其对我国的启示

The enlightenment of Australia′s experience in biodiversity conservation

澳大利亚独特的地理位置和动植物的特殊进化过程使其生物多样性极其丰富,但在过去的200多年里,人类活动所带来的入侵物种增多、森林砍伐和过度开垦等,使澳大利亚成为全球生物多样性减少最严重的7个国家之一,仅次于印度尼西亚,位列第二。为防止情况进一步恶化,澳大利亚政府近些年持续增强生物多样性保护力度,制定了完善的法律制度框架和保护机制。本文重点从法律法规、保护区建设、市场机制以及保护技术研究等方面阐述和分析了澳大利亚生物多样性保护的措施及方法,并结合我国生物多样性保护现状,提出了相关意见和建议,旨在为我国生物多样性保护提供有益参考和借鉴。

The unique geographical location and the special evolutionary process of animals and plants creates extreme richness of biodiversity in Australia.However,in the past 200 years,human activities have led to a growing number of alien invasive species,as well as the deforestation and over-farming,which has made Australia one of the seven countries with the most severe biodiversity problems,rank only second to Indonesia.In recent years,the Australian government has strengthened the protection of biodiversity,and developed a sound legal framework and protection mechanism to avoid further deterioration.This study focused on analyzing the measures adopted by Australia in biodiversity,such as laws and regulations,protection zone construction,market mechanism,and protection technology.With reference to present actions taken by our country,some suggestions are summarized to promote China′s biodiversity conservation.